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Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define scalar quantity:

A

a number

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2
Q

Define vector quantity:

A

a number with direction

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3
Q

Give an example of a contact force:

A

push

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4
Q

Give an example of a non-contact force:

A

wieght

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5
Q

How do you calculate resultant force?

A

sum of forces

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6
Q

What is the difference between mass and gravity?

A

Mass is always the same yet weight is dependent on gravity

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7
Q

What is the equation linking weight, mass and gravity?

A

weight = mass x gravity

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8
Q

What are the units for weight?

A

newtons

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9
Q

What are the units for mass?

A

kg

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10
Q

What are the units for gravity?

A

9.81 newtons/kg

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11
Q

What is the equation linking work, force and distance?

A

work = force x distance

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12
Q

What are the units for work?

A

joules

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13
Q

What are the units for force?

A

newtons

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14
Q

What are the units for distance?

A

metres

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15
Q

How do you convert between joules and newton-metres?

A

1 joule = 1 newton/metre

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16
Q

What happens to an elastic object up to the limit of proportionality?

A

keep extending

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17
Q

What happens to an elastic object after the limit of proportionality?

A

no more extension

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18
Q

What is the equation linking force, the spring constant and extension?

A

force = spring constant x extension

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19
Q

What are the units for force?

A

newtons

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20
Q

What are the units for spring constant?

A

newtons/metre

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21
Q

What are the units for extension?

A

metres

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22
Q

What is the equation linking elastic potential energy, the spring constant and extension?

A

Elastic potential energy = 1/2 spring constant x extension^2

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23
Q

What are the units for elastic potential energy?

A

Joules

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24
Q

What is a fluid?

A

liquid or gas

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25
Q

Can a fluid be compressed?

A

gases yes, liquids no

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26
Q

What is the equation linking pressure, force and area?

A

pressure = force/area

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27
Q

What are the units for pressure?

A

Pascals

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28
Q

What are the units for area?

A

Meters^2

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29
Q

Is distance a scalar or vector quantity?

A

scalar

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30
Q

Is displacement a scalar or vector quantity?

A

vector

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31
Q

Is speed a scalar or vector quantity?

A

scalar

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32
Q

Is velocity a scalar or vector quantity?

A

vector

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33
Q

What is the equation linking distance, velocity and time?

A

distance = velocity x time

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34
Q

What are the units for distance?

A

metres

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35
Q

What are the units for velocity?

A

metres/second

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36
Q

What are the units for time?

A

seconds

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37
Q

How do you calculate speed on a distance-time graph?

A

gradient of the line

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38
Q

When can an object have a constant speed but remain accelerating?

A

If it is changing direction e.g. in a circle

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39
Q

How do you calculate distance traveled from a velocity-time graph?

A

looking at area below the graph

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40
Q

What is acceleration?

A

change in velocity/time

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41
Q

How do you calculate acceleration from a velocity-time graph?

A

gradient

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42
Q

What is the equation linking acceleration, change of velocity and time?

A

acceleration = change in velocity/ time

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43
Q

What are the units for acceleration?

A

meters/second^2

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44
Q

What are the units for change in velocity?

A

meters/second

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45
Q

What are the units of time?

A

seconds

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46
Q

What is the equation linking final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration and distance?

A

final velocity^2 - initial velocity^2 = 2 x acceleration x distance

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47
Q

If an object is falling due to gravity what acceleration does it have?

A

9.8m/s^2

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48
Q

Define terminal velocity:

A

velocity an object is travelling when all forces are equal

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49
Q

How is an object moving if the resultant force is zero?

A
  • stationary - not moving

- moving - moving at a constant speed

50
Q

What is newtons first law?

A

An object will remain stationary or travelling at a constant speed unless acted upon by external forces

51
Q

Define inertia:

A

Where something keeps doing what it is doing unless acted upon by external forces

52
Q

What is the equation linking force, mass and acceleration?

A

force = mass x acceleration

53
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

(thinking distance or reaction time) + braking distance

54
Q

Give two factors that can affect reaction time:

A
  • consumption of alcohol, illegal drugs or being tired - negative
  • consumption of caffeine - positive
55
Q

Give two factors that can affect braking distance:

A
  • weight of the car

- condition of road

56
Q

What factors can cause an object to sink or float?

A

density and surface area

57
Q

What is the equation linking pressure, height, density and gravitational field strength?

A

Pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength (9.8)

58
Q

What are the units for pressure?

59
Q

What are the units for height?

60
Q

What are the units for density?

A

kg/metres^3

61
Q

What are the units and value of gravitational field strength?

A

9.8 newtons/kg

62
Q

What is the law of conservation of the momentum?

A

momentum has to be conserved

63
Q

What is the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity?

A

Momentum = mass x velocity

64
Q

What are the units for momentum?

65
Q

What are the units for veocity?

A

metres/second

66
Q

Define amplitude:

A

Distance from middle to the the top of the wave

67
Q

Define wavelength:

A

Distance between waves

68
Q

What is the equation linking time period and frequency?

A

Time period = 1/frequency

69
Q

What are the units for time period?

70
Q

What are the units for frequency?

71
Q

What is the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength?

A

Speed = wavelength x frequency

72
Q

What are the units for wavelength?

73
Q

What are the units for wave speed?

A

meters/second

74
Q

What is the order of the electromagnets?

A

radio, micro, infra-red, Visible light, ultra violet, gamma and x-ray

75
Q

What can radio waves be used for?

A

communication

76
Q

What can microwaves be used for?

77
Q

What can infrared be used for?

A

heat sensing

78
Q

What can visible light be used for?

A

camera/film

79
Q

What can ultra violet be used for?

A

security purposes

80
Q

What can gamma rays be used for?

A

cleaning or treating foods/ cancer treatment

81
Q

What can x-rays be used for?

A

used to see broken bones

82
Q

What happens when a wave is diffracted?

A

it spreads out

83
Q

What happens when a wave is refracted?

A

changes direction

84
Q

Why does refraction happen?

A

the wave changes speed as it moves through one medium into another

85
Q

Which surfaces absorb radiation?

A

dark/ Matt surfaces

86
Q

Which surfaces emit radiation?

A

dark surfaces

87
Q

What happens when you place like pole on a magnet next to each other?

88
Q

What happens when you place unlike pole on a magnet next to each other?

89
Q

Which materials are magnetic?

90
Q

What is the direction of the magnetic field?

A

North to south

91
Q

How do you change strength of an electromagnet?

A

change of current, or length of wire

92
Q

Define magnetic flux-density:

A

The magnetic flux in an area

93
Q

What is the equation linking force, magnetic flux density, current and length?

A

force = magnetic flux density x current x length

94
Q

What are the units for magnetic flux-density?

95
Q

What are the units for current?

96
Q

What is the equation linking voltage at the primary coil, number of turns on the primary coil, voltage at the secondary coil, and number of turns on the secondary coil?

A

Vp/Vs = Np/Ns

97
Q

What are the units for voltage at the primary coil and voltage at the secondary coil?

98
Q

What is the equation linking voltage at the secondary coil, voltage at the primary coil, and current at the primary coil?

A

Vs x Is = Vp x Ip

99
Q

What is the equation linking moment, force and distance?

A

moment = force x distance

100
Q

What are the units for moment?

101
Q

What are the units for force?

102
Q

What are the units for distance?

103
Q

What happens to an object if the clockwise and anticlockwise forces are balanced?

A

remain balanced so nothing will happen

104
Q

What happens to an object if the clockwise and anticlockwise forces are unbalanced?

A

Turning effect

105
Q

What is the equation linking force, change in velocity and change in time?

A

Force = m x change in velocity/change in time

106
Q

What image is formed by a converging lens?

A

real image

107
Q

When can a converging lens be useful?

A

long sighted

108
Q

When should a diverging lens be used?

A

short sighted

109
Q

What image is formed by a diverging lens?

A

virtual image

110
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

image height/object height

111
Q

What are the units for magnification?

112
Q

What is the order of light in the visible spectrum?

A

red, orange, green, blue, indigo, violet

113
Q

What does opaque mean?

A

can’t see through it

114
Q

What does transparent mean?

A

see through it

115
Q

What does translucent mean?

A

can see light but not shapes

116
Q

What happens to light when it passes through a filter?

A

certain wave lengths are absorbed and don’t pass through

117
Q

How do sound waves travel?

A

longitudinal waves

118
Q

What is the range of human hearing?

A

20Hz to 20,000Hz

119
Q

What is a P-wave?

A

longitudinal wave - fast - through solids and liquids

120
Q

What is an S-wave?

A

Transverse wave, travels through solids

Physics (4 decks)

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