PAPER 2

Question 1

Four lifestyle choices

Answer 1

Diet
Recreational drugs
Activity level
Work rest sleep balance

Question 2

What does smoking do

Answer 2

Chemicals in cigarette smoke cause damage to cells in the lungs and small hairs in your windpipe called cilia

This increases the risk of getting infections which can lead to bronchitis (inflammation of the major airways) or pneumonia (inflammation deep in the lungs)

The damage to alveoli causes them to lose their shape so they work less efficiently this is called emphysema

The damage to your lungs can also cause lung cancer

Tobacco also contains the addictive drug nicotine which raised your heart rate and blood pressure

Question 3

Define sedentary lifestyle

Answer 3

One where there is little irregular or no physical activity

Question 4

Define overweight

Answer 4

Weighing more than is normal

Question 5

Define overfat

Answer 5

More body fat than you should

Question 6

Define obese

Answer 6

Having a lot more body fat than you should

Question 7

Being overfat or obese puts more strain on your cardiovascular system and decreases cardiovascular fitness. Increased body fat can also lead to

Answer 7

Fatty deposits in the arteries making it harder for the heart to pump blood. This increases blood pressure and the risk of strokes and coronary heart disease you are also more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if your obese

Question 8

What effects does a sedentary lifestyle have

Answer 8

Puts strain on back and joints which can lead to bad posture and joint damage

By not exceeding enough the body loses muscle tone and is less good at repairing and strengthening bones which increases osteoporosis risk

Question 9

What can being overweight do

Answer 9

Decrease flexibility speed and agility so affects your performance

Question 10

Define balanced diet

Answer 10

Contains the best ratio of nutrients to match your lifestyle

Question 11

Two main groups of nutrients

Answer 11

Macronutrients

Micronutrients

Question 12

What are macronutrients

Answer 12

Your body needs in large amounts

Proteins fats carbs

Question 13

What are micronutrients

Answer 13

Body still needs but in smaller amounts

Minerals and vitamins

Question 14

Percentage of fats carbs and proteins

Answer 14

Proteins 15-20%
Fats 25-30%
Carbs 55-60%

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

Main source of energy 
Simple ones like sugar 
Complex like starch from pasta or rice
Some get used straight away 
Rest get stored in liver and muscles ready for when it’s needed or turned to fat

Question 16

Fats

Answer 16

Made from fatty acids
Provide energy for low intensity excercise
Keep body warm and protect organs which help prevent injury
Some vitamins only be absorbed by the body using fats
Source of the ‘essential fatty acids’ omega-3 and omega-6

Question 17

Proteins

Answer 17

Help body grow and repair
Vital for building and repairing muscles after excercise
Made from amino acids

Meat egg fish beans

Question 18

What do vitamins do

Answer 18

Help your bones teeth skin and other tissues grow

Needed for many of the body’s chemical reactions eg some are used in the processes that release energy from food

Question 19

What are fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 19

Can be stored in the body

Question 20

Examples of fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 20

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Question 21

What’s vitam A

Answer 21

Growth and vision.

Meat fish eggs

Question 22

Vitamin d

Answer 22

Strong bones helps prevent injrury and osteoporosis
Made in skin in sunshine

Milk fish liver eggs

Question 23

What are water-soluble vitamins

Answer 23

Can’t be stored so you need to eat them regularly

Question 24

Examples of water-soluble vitamins

Answer 24

Vitamin c

Question 25

Vitamin c

Answer 25

Good for your skin and helps to hold you body tissues together

Really important for immune system so helps you stay healthy so you can train and perform well

Found in fruit and veg
Lemons oranges and citrus fruits

Question 26

Minerals

Answer 26

Healthy bones and teeth and to build other tissues

Help in various chemical reactions in body

Question 27

Calcium

Answer 27

Needed for strong bones and teeth but also muscle contraction

Green veg milk cheese

Question 28

Iron

Answer 28

Used in making red blood cells which carry oxygen around the body eg to the muscles

Beans and green veg

Question 29

Water

Answer 29

Needed in loads of chemical reactions in body

Used in swear to help you cool down when your body temp rises
Also lost through breath urine and faeces

Question 30

Dehydration

Answer 30

Blood thickening - harder for heart to pump blood around and decreases the flow of oxygen to the muscles so you can’t perform as well

Increase in body temp which could lead to overheating and maybe even fainting through heat exhaustion

Question 31

Sports drinks

Answer 31

Sugar in them to replace the energy which your muscles have used up
Also contain a bit of salt helps the water rehydrate quickly

Question 32

Fibre

Answer 32

Digestive system working properly
Good digestion means that your body gets all the nutrients it needs from food so your healthy and can do physical activity

There’s lots of fibre in fruit and vegetables another good reason to eat loads of them

Question 33

What does optimum weight depend on

Answer 33

Height

Bone structure

Muscle girth

Gender

Question 34

Positive energy balance

Answer 34

More energy than you use