Paper 2 Flashcards
Discuss the reasons why only about 10% of migrants ever make it to Europe. (8 marks)
There are many obstacles migrants have to face on their journey:
- crossing the Sahara/ Mediterranean
- Being kidnapped and forced into prostitution
- running out of money
- finding reasonably well-paid work in a neighbouring country, thus meaning they don’t need to travel overseas
- fear of the boat journey; the boat being turned back soon after leaving Africa and the boat sinking.
How would you present the data show in Figure P2 in the Advance Information Booklet, and explain why you would chose this technique. (8 marks)
As the data provided shows the dependancy ratio for a range of countries, the most sensible method of graphing would be to calculate the ‘non-dependents’ and then create a stacked bar graph of ‘young-age dependancy ratio’, ‘old-age dependency ratio’ and ‘non-dependants’ for each country. Having these stacked bars adding to 100% next to each other allows you to quickly see the pattern that EU countries as a whole have a very similar percentage of ‘non-dependents’. It will also clearly hi light those countries with a higher youthful population and those with an ageing one.
With reference to examples, evaluate the factors causing people to migrate from the Sahel region. (12 marks)
Northern Cameroon is an incredibly dry region which has seen increased drought frequency over the last couple of decades. Lake Chad, found in the far north of the country, has considerably shrunk in this region, causing problems for fishermen dependant on this resource. Human push factors include a soaring population with a youth dependancy ration of 78.4% which is outstripping job supply and forcing many to migrate in order to improve their quality of life.
In Nigeria, the main physical push factors are linked to climate change. The northern region is seeing a rise in desertification as drought becomes more common and high populations lead to over grazing. In northern Nigeria, Lake Chad has all dried up. Despite having one of the wealthiest economies in Africa, a rise in terrorism and the implementation of Sharia Law in the Muslim north has been a major human push factor. In addition, a Swiss-funded TV series aimed at hi-lighting the dangers to Nigerians of migrating to Europe has inadvertently shown the benefits gained by those who make the journey successfully.
Discuss the impacts of migration on the EU’s natural population structure and the implications for EU countries. (10 marks)
-Make reference to figure P5 from the AIB.
Most migrants are likely to be of young working age (especially if they are economic migrants) and so this will create a rise in the ‘working age’ population, thereby helping lower the dependancy ratio.
A large influx of migrants will require housing, will be looking for work and may ultimately have a family, thereby increasing the needs for schools and healthcare. However, if they are working, they should pay taxes, which will help towards costs. There is also the potential issue of racial prejudice and the associated problems this brings.
Evaluate the positive and negatives of EU countries receiving asylum seekers. (15 marks)
2014-2015 saw 320,000 asylum seekers and other migrants arrive in Italy, costing the government €3.3 billion. Integration of large numbers of migrants has been difficult. Migrants have brought disease into Italy- one in three migrants is said to have hepatitis C. however, migrants pay taxes when they work. Current research shows they are funding 600,000 Italian pensions. Of the new companies registered in 2014, 18.1% of them were migrant owned. Migrant accept jobs in low-paid sectors and ones that many Italians don’t want to do. Italy was facing an ageing population, and migrants have helped keep companies running.
