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PE Flashcards From Mark Shemes > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

State two positive effects of having spectators at a sporting event. 2 marks

A
  • creation of atmosphere
  • source of income from tickets
  • motivates participants
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2
Q

State two reasons why hooliganism can occur at football matches.

A
  • Rilvaries
  • Gang culture
  • alcohol
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3
Q

Explain how gang culture creates hooliganism.

A
  • it is thought to be linked to tribal behaviour where gangs protect their local area or patch from the away fans
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4
Q

Explain how alcohol creates hooliganism.

A
  • it is argued that alcohol lessens inhibitions (a feeling that makes someone self-conscious) so people may get involved in things they may not normally
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5
Q

Discuss how effective early kick-offs have been to reduce hooliganism at football matches.

A
  • prevents excessive alcohol consumption before a game as less time can be spent in the pub so that fans are more in control of their actions (1)
  • can lead to fans drinking elsewhere which means that excessive consumption occurs earlier that can lead to disorder later in the day (1)
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6
Q

Explain how effective segregation of fans has been to reduce hooliganism at football matches.

A
  • rival fans are kept apart within grounds which reduces the chance of violence or disorder as they do not come into direct contact with each other
  • however, violence still occurs and is often away from the stadiums in town centres/railway stations as hooligans look to avoid police and being identified
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7
Q

Define ‘the media’.

A
  • mass broadcasting of information
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8
Q

Identify three positive effects that the media in sport has on the audience/spectators.

A
  • can educate the viewers watching at home on the TV via commentary
  • provides information on results and rankings
  • money from the media is given to clubs which means they can afford higher quality players enhancing the quality of the spectator experience
  • instant reviews and close-up replays are available to viewers
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9
Q

Identify three negative effects that the media in sport has on performers.

A
  • can increase the pressure to perform if the event is televised
  • any mistakes made can become very public
  • increased focus on their private life
  • training can be disrupted due to carrying out media duties
  • could be the subject of social media abuse
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10
Q

Discuss the positive effects of the use of technology in sport.

A
  • performance analysis tools have been able to help improver performance
  • officials can communicate with each other via microphones and earpieces to discuss and ensure correct decision is arrived at
  • makes competition fairer as decisions by the officials can be checked or overturned
  • it can enable the spectators to see how and why decisions have been made
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11
Q

Discuss the negative effects of the use of technology in sport.

A
  • technology may not be available at all levels of sports as it is expensive to buy and install
  • too many video reviews can. Slow the game down which annoys spectators
  • too many reviews could put a performer off there game as it disrupts there concentration
  • can highlight mistakes from referees/umpires which affects their future credibility
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12
Q

Give a sporting example of an open skill.

A
  • dribbling a ball during a hockey match
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13
Q

Give a sporting example of a closed skill. Justify your choice.

A
  • somersault in gymnastics
    — the gymnast decides when to start the movement, the gymnast is always in control of what happens next, the way the skill is performed is not affected by anyone around them, it is done the same way every time
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14
Q

State two other possible consequences of a sedentary lifestyle than obesity.

A
  • diabetes
  • poor sleep
  • heart disease
  • hypertension
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15
Q

Explain how carbohydrates will help the performance of an individual in sport.

A
  • provides energy from an individual to be physically active/complete an activity
  • allows an individual to participate over a period of time or at different intensities
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16
Q

Explain how protein will help the performance of an individual in sport.

A
  • contributes to muscle growth so allows an individual to become stronger
  • helps with the repair of body tissues which allows an individual to recover quicker from exercise
17
Q

Explain how vitamins and minerals will help the performance of an individual in sport.

A
  • helps keep an individual free from illness which allows them to participate in sport
  • helps with the efficient working of the body systems allowing an individual to participate effectively in sport
18
Q

Explain how blood thickening may affect the performance of a marathon runner.

A
  • this causes blood flow to slow down, so less oxygen is getting to the working muscles which means the runner is unable to complete the race
  • this will reduce the amount of aerobic energy available which will slow the runner down
  • can put extra strain on the heart which may mean that the performer will have to slow down
19
Q

Explain how an increase in temperature may affect the performance of a marathon runner.

A
  • as more blood is being sent to the skin to coool down not enough blood is getting to the working muscles which could cause the runner to slow or stop
  • causes the body to overheat which means the performer would have to reduce the intensity of running or stop all together
  • causes the body to sweat more which reduces water levels in the body so runner is unable to carry on
20
Q

Define the term ‘contract to compete’

A
  • unwritten agreement to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules
  • unwritten agreement within sports where participants agree to follow their best
21
Q

Define ‘etiquette’ in sport.

A
  • a convention or unwritten rule in an activity
  • show respect and fairness towards an opponent
22
Q

Describe the process of blood doping.

A
  • removal of blood from an athlete several weeks before a competition and is frozen
  • body makes Moore red blood cells to replace the amount taken out
  • just before a competition the frozen blood is thawed and injected back into an athlete
23
Q

explain why an outcome goal may not be a good idea from a team.

A
  • they focus solely on winning and forget tactics which results in a poorer performance
  • the opposition may play better, which is something the team cannot control
  • the team could become nervous/stressed as they strive to achieve the target and make mistakes in technique as a result
24
Q

Identify three negative side effects of beta blockers.

A
  • heart problems
  • nausea
  • weakness
25
Q

Suggest the negative efffects on a sport if a high number of competitors tested psotive for performance enhancing drugs.

A
  • reputation of the sport could be damaged because the use of performance enhancing drugs is cheating
  • successful performers may be suspected of cheating giving the sport a negative image
  • the sport could lose income due to loss of sponsorship
  • reduced numbers of spectators wanting attend events
  • participation levels may fall as people think it is impossible;e to achieve success without taking drugs
  • loss of trust in results, results lose reliability
26
Q

Identify three positive effects of sponsorship on sport

A
  • increased income
  • allows more competitions to be held
  • better facilities can be built
  • allows prize funds to be bigger
27
Q

Identify three negative effects of sponsorship on performers.

A
  • increases pressure to perform
  • can disrupt training by organising promotional events they have to attend
  • may have to use equipment they are not comfortable using
  • may have to wear clothing that is not comfortable
28
Q

Describe social health and wellbeing.

A
  • basic human needs are being met
  • where an individual is socially active
  • experience little stress in social situations
  • have friends and a support network
29
Q

Explain two ways that good physical health and wellbeing helps to improve performance in sport.

A
  • Imporved heart function
    — improved heart function will allow more oxygen rich blood to be pumped to the working muscles in each beat, this provides more energy which allows a performer to offset the onset of fatigue
  • Reduced risk of some illnesses
    — reduces the risk of some illnesses such as diabetes which can reduce energy levels, this will mean illnesses do not restrict a performer and they can continue to perform at a high level
30
Q

Outline the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

A
  • intrinsic is the drive that comes from within the performer
  • extrinsic is the drive to perform well or to win in order to gain external rewards

PE Flashcards From Mark Shemes (2 decks)

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