Paper 1

Question 1

Justify why muscular endurance is an important component of fitness needed for a games player to perform effectively. 4 marks

Answer 1

• Games are usually played over a long period of time
• Muscular endurance allows the delay of the onset of fatigue
• Performers are able to perform at optimal levels for longer
• Muscular endurance allows of games player to increase their capacity to train for longer periods of time
• This will result an increased levels of cardiovascular endurance
• Reduced recovery times during phases of enabling the player to be more competitive throughout the game

Question 2

Justify why tidal volume increases during exercise. 2 marks

Answer 2

• depth of breathing increases due to the chest cavity expanding
• More oxygen needed in order to sustain exercise
• Removal of carbon dioxide

Question 3

State four reasons why a person about to start a training program should test their levels of fitness before starting the program. 4 marks

Answer 3

• to identify their strengths and weaknesses
• To show their starting level of fitness
• To inform his training requirements
• To compare him against norms of a group/national averages
• To help with the monitoring of his improvement

Question 4

Identify for long-term effects of exercise. 4 marks

Answer 4

• body shape may change
• Build muscle strength
• Improve muscular endurance
• improve speed
• Build cardiovascular endurance
• Bradycardia
• Decrease levels of anxiety or stress

Question 5

Explain four reasons why someone should warm up before taking part in a training session. 4 marks

Answer 5

• it raises body temperature to increase a elasticity of muscles to help prevent pulled strained or torn muscles
• muscle efficiency is increased and a more intense muscle contraction can be achieved which will improve his performance
• a gradual increase in his heart rate allowing increased oxygen intake to enable the muscles to work efficiently reducing fatigue
• It increases blood flow to his working muscles, allowing more oxygen to be distributed helping with the production of energy
• It triggers metabolic changes to make more fats and carbohydrates available for energy production

Question 6

How does small lumen and thick muscular walls help arteries to perform their function? 2 marks

Answer 6

• small lumen allows blood to travel quickly away from the heart
• thick muscular walls allow blood to travel under high-pressure

Question 7

Justify the importance of speed and flexibility for a footballer. Give the AO1 marks for this question. 6 marks

Answer 7

• Speed is the maximum rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time putting the body parts into action as quickly as possible
• Flexibility is the range of movements possible at a joint

Question 8

Justify the importance of speed and flexibility for a footballer. Give the AO2 marks for this question.

Answer 8

• A footballer requires speed to enable them to beat the opposition to the ball
• A footballer requires speed to enable them to cover or get into space quickly
• A footballer requires flexibility to help prevent injuries
• A footballer requires flexibility to exert more power through the ball

Question 9

Justify the importance of speed and flexibility for a footballer. Give the AO3 marks for speed for this question.

Answer 9

• speed is important for defenders to stop attackers running past them to the ball or to get into space
• Speed is important for attackers when either running into space or dribbling the ball to gain an advantage over the defence team

Question 10

Justify the importance of speed and flexibility for footballer. Give the AO3 marks for flexibility for this question.

Answer 10

• flexibility is the ability to use power through the full range of motion of a joint, therefore a footballer will be able to exert more force through the ball
• They will be able to kick the ball further to clear their defence make, long cross field passes, play the ball upfront by passing the midfield
• Flexibility will allow the goalkeeper to stretch further and increase their chances of saving a shot
• Flexibility helps increase stride length enabling a footballer to run quicker

Question 11

Analyse how both aerobic and anaerobic exercise can be used in interval training to help improve performance in a team game. Give the 2 AO1 marks for this question. 9 marks

Answer 11

• interval training is periods of work that are followed by periods of rest
• Anaerobic exercise is exercise without oxygen. when exercise duration is short and as a high intensity, the heart and lungs cannot supply blood and oxygen to the muscles as fast as the respiring cells need them
• aerobic exercise is exercise with oxygen. When exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart and lungs can supply all the oxygen that the working muscles need

Question 12

Analyse how both aerobic and anaerobic exercise can be used in interval training to help improve performance in a team game. Give the two A02 marks for this question.

Answer 12

• Team games involve periods of work and rest therefore interval training is a very appropriate method of training for a team player
• Interval training can be altered to different team sport/team member by altering the time and the time resting
• Team games involve different intensities of exercise therefore both the aerobic and anaerobic zones are used throughout the duration of the games

Question 13

Analyse how both aerobic and anaerobic exercise can be used in interval training to help improve performance in a team game. Give the 5 A03 marks for aerobic for this question.

Answer 13

• Games are usually of a long duration and the aerobic system is used for low to moderate intensity work including jogging into position and walking between phases of play
• Interval training can be tailored by working for long periods of time at a moderate intensity to replicate the game duration and intensity
• If a team player has a developed aerobic system, they will be able to work for longer period of time therefore improving their performance

Question 14

Analyse how both aerobic and anaerobic exercise can be used in interval training to help improve performance in a team game. Give the five AO3 marks for anaerobic for this question.

Answer 14

• most team players employ the anaerobic system throughout the game for example sprinting or dribbling in football
• Interval training will be varied and will replicate the demands of the game
• If a team player has a developed an aerobic system, they will be able to work with more intensity for longer therefore improving their performance

Question 15

Define explosive strength. 1 mark

Answer 15

• The product of strength and speed

Question 16

Justified white explosive strength is important on running a 400 meter race. 3 marks

Answer 16

• it enables performer to explode from the blocks to get a Headstart in a race
• Enables performer to run faster to gain a quicker time and win the race
• Enables the performer to have a final burst of speed to dip at the finish line to gain a better finishing position
• Enables performer to accelerate during the race to make a break or counter/defend a break from another athlete

Question 17

Describe how to carry out the sit and reach test. 3 marks

Answer 17

• Sit straight legged
• Feet flat against the bench or equivalent
• reach forward as far as possible placing hands on bench or equivalent
• Measure or record the distance from toes

Question 18

Justify why flexibility is an important component of fitness needed for games played to perform effectively. 4 marks

Answer 18

• Increase the elasticity in the muscles so less chance of pulling or tearing a muscle
• Limbs can extend further so more power can be exerted on a object
• Limbs have a greater range of movement so a better technique can be achieved
• Limbs have a greater range of movement more technical or intricate movements can be made
• Length increases so can move quicker

Question 19

Explain why it is important to calm down after an intensive training session. 4 marks

Answer 19

• gradually decreased body temperature to prevent overheating or nausea
• Reduce heart rate or breathing rate slowly to avoid lightheadedness
• Stretch or length and muscles to allow muscles to relax
• Remove lactic acid from muscles to prevent muscle soreness
• Encourage blood flow back to inactive organs and away from the working muscles to prevent blood pooling

Question 20

Discuss whether altitude training is an effective method of training for a long-distance swimmer. Give the for points for this question (all AO3). 5 marks

Answer 20

• increase in the number of red blood cells which increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, this will enable the swimmer to swim more efficiently and faster for longer, therefore recording a faster time or better position in the race
• Increasing the ability to cope with the buildup of lactic acid therefore they will not have too slow down in the latter stages of the race
• The gains competitive advantage as the aerobic capacity will have increased for a period of a few weeks

Question 21

Discuss whether the altitude training is an effective method of training for a long-distance swimmer. Give the against points for this question (all AO3)

Answer 21

• when training altitude, detraining can occur due to the lack of oxygen which means the swimmer may not be able to train for as long or as intensely
• Fitness may be lost if the swimmer is unable to swim due to altitude sickness
• Benefits can be lost relatively quickly so increased performance may only be for a short period of time

Question 22

Evaluate whether the Illinois agility test is more relevant to a netball player than to a 200 meter runner.

Answer 22

• State what the Illinois agility test is (AO1)
• Application to Apple player and 200 meter runner (AO2)
• The importance of the Illinois agility test to a netball player and 200 meter runner (AO3)