paper 2 Flashcards
traditional media
single mode of communication (tv) to a mass audience
one > many
new media
the emergence of new forms of communication that have appeared in the last 25 years including: smartphone technology, laptops and digital tv
the power of the media
BAUMAN 2007
suggests during that last 30 years more info has been produced in the world that the last 5000yrs
control of the media
2010 equality act - forbid opinions against ethnicity/religion
laws of libel - forbids untrue statements
ofcom media regulator
IPSO (newspaper)
govt’s influence and control of media output
leaks/off-the-record briefings reported ‘sources close to the govt said’
refusal to issue broadcasting licences to those deemed unfit
press conferences provide official govt position on issue
media and ideology (marxism)
acts as a ISA -
induces a false consciousness about people’s real interests
+ everyone benefits from the present organisation of society (presented as fair)
instrumentalist/manipulative view of media owners/content
directly control media content and manipulate the audience
spreads dom ideology
instrumentalist/manipulative view of managers + journalists
limited by what owners tell them to do
curran + seaton - media owners did interfere + manipulate content (at the expense of journalists) to protect their interests.
instrumentalist/manipulative view of audiences
passive audience who unquestioningly swallow the readings and interpretations
instrumentalist/manipulative view - CRITICISMS
state regulates media so no one person/company have too much control.
audiences not gullible/manipulative - may reject interpretations fed to them
pluralists/neophilliacs - growth of cit journ give power to ordinary people to give their turn of events
dominant/hegemonic approach view on media + ownership
media spread dom ideology legitimizing the power of ruling class
owners - dont have direct control but some influence
hegemony
dominance + acceptance of ruling class - other classes are persuaded to accept beliefs and form consensus that becomes part of everyday common sense.
dominant/hegemonic approach view on Glasgow Media Group
white male journalists - white-centric view (limited views and opinions)
encouraged to think about some events more than others
media content spread dom ideology - doesn’t include some critical content that helps attract an audience, make money for owner and appear as if there is diversity
dominant/hegemonic approach - CRITICISMS
underrate power and influence of owners - journalists career are dependant on approval of stories.
agenda setting/gatekeeping = little choice of media content - manipulation
dominant/hegemonic approach - CRITICISMS (pluralist)
the rise of new globalised digital media has put controls of new media content into the hands of media users
pluralism (media)
view that power in society is spread among interests groups and individuals
pluralist approach - media owners
have no control and a wide range of competing interests
pluralist approach - media content
driven by consumers, not owners and media needs to be responsive
pluralist approach - media managers and journalists
high independence as long as they attract audiences and make a profit
pluralist approach - media audiences
they’re active pick ‘n’ mix approach and new media allows anyone to share and publish their ideas.
pluralist approach CRITICISMS
whilst having freedom - work within constraints placed on them by owners.
media owners appoint editors and top managers who have a similar outlook of the world
neophiliacs
welcome new technology because they think it offers consumers more choice.
argue new media is good for democracy - people can monitor and criticise activities of the powerful and organise protests via social media.
increased consumer choice
(neophiliac)
convergence and interactivity that characterise media technology have increased consumer choice. e.g. people may choose to buy music in cd form of download.
increased consumer choice
(pluralist neophiliacs)
argue competition between this diversity of media will improve the quality of media output.