paper 1 Flashcards
durkheim
(functionalist view on education)
edu helps produce social solidarity.
school is mini society - education teaches skills for future occupation
important for modern industrialised societies bc of specialised division of labour
parsons
(functionalist view on education)
edu creates a bridge between particularistic values of family and the universalistic values of society.
edu gives secondary socialisation
davis and moore
(functionalist view on education)
educations function is role allocation - right job for right person (talent ,ability, hard work)
edu system is meritocratic. hard work = highly paid job
criticisms of functionalist view (durkheim)
many job skills are learnt on the job
passing down norms and values reproduces capitalist ideology and class inequality.
criticisms of functionalist view (parsons)
universalistic values of society are actually capitalist values, giving advantage to middle class
criticisms of functionalist view (davis & moore)
no equality of opporunity.
althusser
(marxist view on education)
isa - education spreads the capitalist ideology
rsa - helps maintain the rule of the capitalist class by force (police/army)
bordieu
(marxist view on education)
edu reproduces class inequality.
habitus = cultural framework possessed by a social class.
ruling class impose their habitus on the education system.
m/c advantaged due to cultural capital.
bowles and gintis
(marxist view on education)
helps reproduction of the labour force.
correspondence principle - relationships and structures found in school mirror those of the workplace.
hidden curriculum - informal learning occuring outside of the classroom.
criticism of marxist view (althusser)
assumes the passive acceptance of capitalism
criticism of marxist view (bordieu)
not all the w/c do poorly in the education system
criticism of marxist view (bowles & gintis)
assumes students passively accept the attitudes and behaviours taught in the hidden curriculum.
differences in educational achievement (material factors: housing)
overcrowding = difficulty studying bc of less space and disturbed sleep.
temporary accommodation = moving around disrupts education
cold/damp = ill health / absence
differences in educational achievement (material factors: diet and health)
howard - poorer homes = lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals = weakened immune systems - absence from school
poorer homes more likely to face emotional / behavioural issues
differences in educational achievement (material factors: finances of education)
tanner et al -
cost of equipment , books, resources, uniform and transport are a burden on poor families
cheaper equipment purchased - lead to bullying - isolation
differences in educational achievement (material factors: fear of debt)
w/c students see uni dept as bad so they are 5x less likely to go to uni (callendar&jackson)
differences in educational achievement (cultural factors: speech codes)
bernstein -
restricted code - w/c ,limited vocab
elaborated code - m/c, extensive vocab, grammatically complex. m/c are advantaged as EC is used in textbooks, exams and by teachers
differences in educational achievement (cultural factors: parenting style)
higher education parents = consistent discipline = high expectations - support for active learning
lower educated parents - harsh discipline - stops child learning independence and elf control = less motivation
differences in educational achievement (cultural factors: parents educational behaviour)
HE parents = aware of what is needed - read books, sing songs and paint with their children
recognise the educational value of school trips
have good teacher relations and guide children’s interactions
gender differences in educational achievement GIRLS (external factor: feminism)
movement for change - women able to vote
women in high jobs
gives girls encouragement - want to be like the women they see
gender differences in educational achievement GIRLS (external factor: changes to women’s employment)
1970 equal pay act - gives girls encouragement due to more equality
Gershuny - more women now in paid employment
gender differences in educational achievement GIRLS (external factor: changing ambitions)
sharpe
compared the attitudes of w/c girls in London schools in the early 1970’s / 1990’s, using unstructured interviews.
70s - husband, love and families
90s - job, career, supporting themselves.
gender differences in educational achievement GIRLS (external factor: changing families)
increase in lone parent families (role models)
increase in gender equality (women can be breadwinners too)
encourages girl to aspire for careers so they can focus on their education
gender differences in educational achievement BOYS (external factor: decline in traditional men’s jobs)
globalisation has meant manufacturing jobs have moved out of the uk to china for lower wages
mitsos & browne
reduction in men’s jobs have resulted in an ‘identity crisis’