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Aqa Gcse Chemistry > Paper 1 - Topic 2, Bonding, Structure And Property Of Matter > Flashcards

Paper 1 - Topic 2, Bonding, Structure And Property Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of strong chemical bonds

A

Ionic, covalent and metallic

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2
Q

What are the particles in ionic bonding

A

They are opposites charged ions

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3
Q

What are the particles in covalent bonding

A

Atoms which share pairs of electrons

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4
Q

What are the particles in metallic bonding

A

Share delocalised electrons

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5
Q

What is a conductor

A

A material which contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy

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6
Q

Describe diamond

A
  • a giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms which each form 4 covalent bonds to 4 other carbon atoms
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7
Q

What are electrostatic forces

A

The strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

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8
Q

What are fullerenes

A

Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The structures are based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms

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9
Q

What is graphene

A

A single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in electronics and composites

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10
Q

Describe graphite

A
  • a giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms which form 3 covalent bonds with 3 other carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings with no covalent bonds between layers
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11
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

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12
Q

What is an ionic compound

A

Chemical compound formed of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces

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13
Q

What are intermolecular forces

A

The forces which exists between molecules, the strength of the intermolecular forces affect the physical properties like boiling and melting points

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14
Q

What is a lattice

A

A repeating regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules, arrangement occurs in crystal structures

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15
Q

What are nano particles

A

A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is a particle of matter 1 to 100 nanometres in diameter

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16
Q

What is the partical theory

A

Theory which models the three states of matter by representing the particles as small solid spheres, theory helps explain melting, boiling, freezing and condensing

17
Q

What are polymers

A

Large long-chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds

18
Q

What is the repeat unit

A

The part of the polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain

19
Q

What are compounds

A

Substances in which 2 or more elements are chemically combined

20
Q

What are the limitations of the particle theory

A
  • in the model there are no forces
  • all the particles are represented as spheres and that the spheres are solid
21
Q

What are the properties of ionic structures

A
  • have regular structures (giant ionic lattices) where there are strong electrostatic forces in all directions between oppositely charged particles
  • have high melting and boiling points as lots of energy is required to break the strong bonds
  • when melted or dissolved (in water), ionic compounds can conduct electricity as ions are free to move and carry current (cant conduct when solid as ions are fixed)
22
Q

What are the properties of small molecules

A
  • usually gases or liquids that have low melting points and boiling points
  • have weak intermolecular forces between molecules, these are broken during melting and boiling
  • don’t conduct electricity as they don’t have an overall electric charge
23
Q

What state are polymers at room temp

A

Solids

24
Q

What happens to the intermolecular forces as the molecules increase in size

A

Intermolecular forces increase so larger molecules have high melting and boiling points

25
Q

What are the properties of polymers

A
  • have very large molecules
  • atoms in polymers are linked with strong covalent bonds
  • intermolecular forces are relatively strong so polymer are solid at room temp
26
Q

What are the properties of giant covalent structures

A
  • are solids with high melting and boiling points
  • all of the atoms are linked by strong covalent bonds
  • examples: diamond and graphite
27
Q

Properties of metals

A
  • giant structures of atoms with strong metallic bonding
  • high melting and boiling points
  • layers of atoms are able to slide over each other so metals can be bent and shaped
28
Q

What are the properties of alloys

A
  • made up from 2 or more different types of metals
  • different sized atoms distort the layers making it harder for them to slide over each other so alloys are harder than pure metals
29
Q

Why are metals good conductors

A

Good conductors of electricity: They have a delocalised electrons in the metals that carry electrical charge through the metal
Good conductors of thermal energy: because energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons

30
Q

What are the properties of graphite

A
  • layers can slide over each other as no covalent bonds between but weak intermolecular forces so graphite is soft and slippery
  • one electron from each carbon atom is delocalised so it can conduct electricity as the delocalised electron can move
31
Q

What are the properties of graphene

A
  • single layer of graphite
  • very strong as atoms as atoms within are tightly bonded
  • elastic as the planes of atoms can flex relatively easily without atoms breaking apart
32
Q

What can carbon nanotubes be used for

A
  • Nanotechnology, electronics and materials
  • lubricants, deliver drugs to the body and catalysts
33
Q

What are nano particles uses

A
  • have a high SA:VOL ratio so would make good catalysts
  • sun cream, deodorants
  • nanotubes conduct electricity so can be used in small electrical circuits for computers
34
Q

What are the possible disadvantages to nano particles

A
  • concerns they may be toxic to humans
  • they may be able to enter brain and bloodstream and cause harm

Aqa Gcse Chemistry (10 decks)

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