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Geography > Paper 1 - The Living World > Flashcards

Paper 1 - The Living World Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a producer do?

A

Converts energy into sugars (glucose).

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2
Q

What is a food web?

A

A network of food chains, showing how they all link together.

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3
Q

What does a consumer do?

A

Gets energy from the sugars (glucose).

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4
Q

Name 2 effects of deforestation.

A
  1. Soil erosion.
  2. Reduces biodiversity.
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5
Q

Name 3 plant adaptations in a tropical rainforest.

A
  1. Dip tip leaves.
  2. Buttress roots.
  3. Emergents.
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6
Q

What is desertification?

A

Where land is turned into a desert, usually on the edges of existing deserts.

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7
Q

Name 3 plant adaptations in a hot desert.

A

Any of the following:
- small leaves
- tap roots
- spines
- waxy skin
- water storage

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8
Q

Name 3 human causes of desertification.

A
  1. Deforestation.
  2. Overgrazing.
  3. Overcultivation.
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9
Q

How does drip tip leaves allow a plant to survive in a tropical rainforest?

A

Allows water to run off the leaves quickly to avoid damage.

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10
Q

How do spines protect a cactus in a hot desert?

A
  • stops animals from eating the plant.
  • Lower water loss than leaves.
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11
Q

Name 3 animal adaptations in a hot desert.

A

Any of the following:
- thick eyebrows
- thick fur
- hump
- wide feet

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12
Q

How do buttress roots protect a plant in a tropical rainforest forest?

A

Creates a large surface area to support large trees.

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13
Q

How does thick fur protect a camel at night in a hot desert?

A

Keeps camel warm during the cold nights.

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14
Q

What are tap roots?

A

Large roots that go underground to access a water supply.

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15
Q

What are emergents?

A

Plants that grow quickly to reach sunlight.

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16
Q

How does waxy skin protect a plant in a hot desert?

A

Reduces water lost by transpiration.

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17
Q

What is overcultivation and how does it lead to soil erosion?

A
  • Intensive growing of crops.
  • this exhausts the soil leaving it barren as the plants have taken all the nutrients.
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18
Q

How does deforestation lead to soil erosion?

A

Loss of structure meaning the wind can move the soil easier.

19
Q

Give 2 example of places at risk of desertification.

A
  1. Spain
  2. Jordan
20
Q

What are 7 different ways to make topical rainforests more sustainable?

A
  1. Replanting
  2. Selective logging
  3. Ecotourism
  4. Education
  5. Conservation
  6. Reducing debt
  7. International agreements
21
Q

What is ecotourism?

A

Allowing small groups of tourists to travel round the rainforest following strict rules.

22
Q

What does conservation do?

A

Stops damaging activities from occurring in a protected area.

23
Q

What can Reducing debt result in?

A

Countries stopping logging as they don’t have to pay back loans.
Or counties debt is payed off if conservation is guaranteed.

24
Q

What are international agreements?

A

Laws made between counties.

25
Q

What are the causes of deforestation?

A

Subsitence farming
Logging
Commercial farming
Mineral extraction
Road building
Energy development
Population growth

26
Q

What Is subsistence farming?

A

Small-scale farmers grow crops for family.

27
Q

Where is the thar desert located?

A

North-west India and south-east Pakistan.

28
Q

Name 4 opportunities in the thar desert.

A
  • Mineral extraction
  • Tourism
  • Energy
  • Agriculture
29
Q

What are the 4 types of Mineral extraction in the thar desert?

A
  1. Gypsm - making phoster
  2. Feldspar - making ceramics
  3. Phosphorite - make fertiliser
  4. Koolin - used for whitening
30
Q

Name 3 ways tourism boosts the economy in the thar desert.

A
  1. Hotels + camel riding + desert festivals
  2. Sightseeing
  3. Purchasing food and water
31
Q

Name the 4 energy sources in the thar desert.

A

Coal
Solar
Oil
Wind - constructed in 2001

32
Q

What is commercial farming?

A

Large-scale farming to supply shops etc.

33
Q

Name 4 challenges In the thar desert.

A
  1. Extreme heat - melts roads
  2. Lack of water - has to be imported
  3. Access - little transport
  4. Wind - blows sand on roads
34
Q

Name 3 ways the thar desert is being mitigated against desertification.

A
  1. Afforestation
  2. Rock barrier
  3. Man-made canal
35
Q

How does afforestation mitigate against desertification?

A

Provides soil structure so reduces soil erosion.
Helps soil to produce nutrients.

36
Q

How does a rock barrier in the thar desert mitigate against desertification?

A

Creates a barrier against oncoming water.
Leaves soil with more moisture to grow plants.

37
Q

How does a man-made canal mitigate against desertification in the thar desert?

A

Water scource for crops + drinking
Adds moisture to the air.

38
Q

How much rainfall do you see in a hot desert per year?

A

Less than 250mm

39
Q

What can the temp be In a hot desert at night and day?

A

Night - 5°c
Day - 45°c

40
Q

What is the soil like in a hot desert?

A

Shallow
Not very fertile - no leaves fall
Dry

41
Q

Name 4 adaptations to plants in a hot desert.

A
  1. Long roots
  2. Large surface area
  3. Spines
  4. Small leaves
42
Q

Name 5 adaptations to an animal living in the hot desert.

A
  1. Nocturnal
  2. Long limbs or ears
  3. Fat storage
  4. Long eyelashes
  5. Large, flat feet
43
Q

How much of the earth’s land surface is at risk of desertification?

A

1/3

44
Q

Name 3 animal adaptations to an animal in a tropical rainforest.

A

Camouflage
Living In the canopy
Short-pointy wings to be agile

Geography (8 decks)

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