Paper 1 - The Living World Flashcards
What does a producer do?
Converts energy into sugars (glucose).
What is a food web?
A network of food chains, showing how they all link together.
What does a consumer do?
Gets energy from the sugars (glucose).
Name 2 effects of deforestation.
- Soil erosion.
- Reduces biodiversity.
Name 3 plant adaptations in a tropical rainforest.
- Dip tip leaves.
- Buttress roots.
- Emergents.
What is desertification?
Where land is turned into a desert, usually on the edges of existing deserts.
Name 3 plant adaptations in a hot desert.
Any of the following:
- small leaves
- tap roots
- spines
- waxy skin
- water storage
Name 3 human causes of desertification.
- Deforestation.
- Overgrazing.
- Overcultivation.
How does drip tip leaves allow a plant to survive in a tropical rainforest?
Allows water to run off the leaves quickly to avoid damage.
How do spines protect a cactus in a hot desert?
- stops animals from eating the plant.
- Lower water loss than leaves.
Name 3 animal adaptations in a hot desert.
Any of the following:
- thick eyebrows
- thick fur
- hump
- wide feet
How do buttress roots protect a plant in a tropical rainforest forest?
Creates a large surface area to support large trees.
How does thick fur protect a camel at night in a hot desert?
Keeps camel warm during the cold nights.
What are tap roots?
Large roots that go underground to access a water supply.
What are emergents?
Plants that grow quickly to reach sunlight.
How does waxy skin protect a plant in a hot desert?
Reduces water lost by transpiration.
What is overcultivation and how does it lead to soil erosion?
- Intensive growing of crops.
- this exhausts the soil leaving it barren as the plants have taken all the nutrients.
How does deforestation lead to soil erosion?
Loss of structure meaning the wind can move the soil easier.
Give 2 example of places at risk of desertification.
- Spain
- Jordan
What are 7 different ways to make topical rainforests more sustainable?
- Replanting
- Selective logging
- Ecotourism
- Education
- Conservation
- Reducing debt
- International agreements
What is ecotourism?
Allowing small groups of tourists to travel round the rainforest following strict rules.
What does conservation do?
Stops damaging activities from occurring in a protected area.
What can Reducing debt result in?
Countries stopping logging as they don’t have to pay back loans.
Or counties debt is payed off if conservation is guaranteed.
What are international agreements?
Laws made between counties.
What are the causes of deforestation?
Subsitence farming
Logging
Commercial farming
Mineral extraction
Road building
Energy development
Population growth
What Is subsistence farming?
Small-scale farmers grow crops for family.
Where is the thar desert located?
North-west India and south-east Pakistan.
Name 4 opportunities in the thar desert.
- Mineral extraction
- Tourism
- Energy
- Agriculture
What are the 4 types of Mineral extraction in the thar desert?
- Gypsm - making phoster
- Feldspar - making ceramics
- Phosphorite - make fertiliser
- Koolin - used for whitening
Name 3 ways tourism boosts the economy in the thar desert.
- Hotels + camel riding + desert festivals
- Sightseeing
- Purchasing food and water
Name the 4 energy sources in the thar desert.
Coal
Solar
Oil
Wind - constructed in 2001
What is commercial farming?
Large-scale farming to supply shops etc.
Name 4 challenges In the thar desert.
- Extreme heat - melts roads
- Lack of water - has to be imported
- Access - little transport
- Wind - blows sand on roads
Name 3 ways the thar desert is being mitigated against desertification.
- Afforestation
- Rock barrier
- Man-made canal
How does afforestation mitigate against desertification?
Provides soil structure so reduces soil erosion.
Helps soil to produce nutrients.
How does a rock barrier in the thar desert mitigate against desertification?
Creates a barrier against oncoming water.
Leaves soil with more moisture to grow plants.
How does a man-made canal mitigate against desertification in the thar desert?
Water scource for crops + drinking
Adds moisture to the air.
How much rainfall do you see in a hot desert per year?
Less than 250mm
What can the temp be In a hot desert at night and day?
Night - 5°c
Day - 45°c
What is the soil like in a hot desert?
Shallow
Not very fertile - no leaves fall
Dry
Name 4 adaptations to plants in a hot desert.
- Long roots
- Large surface area
- Spines
- Small leaves
Name 5 adaptations to an animal living in the hot desert.
- Nocturnal
- Long limbs or ears
- Fat storage
- Long eyelashes
- Large, flat feet
How much of the earth’s land surface is at risk of desertification?
1/3
Name 3 animal adaptations to an animal in a tropical rainforest.
Camouflage
Living In the canopy
Short-pointy wings to be agile
