Paper 1 - The Living World

Question 1

What does a producer do?

Answer 1

Converts energy into sugars (glucose).

Question 2

What is a food web?

Answer 2

A network of food chains, showing how they all link together.

Question 3

What does a consumer do?

Answer 3

Gets energy from the sugars (glucose).

Question 4

Name 2 effects of deforestation.

Answer 4

1. Soil erosion.
2. Reduces biodiversity.

Question 5

Name 3 plant adaptations in a tropical rainforest.

Answer 5

1. Dip tip leaves.
2. Buttress roots.
3. Emergents.

Question 6

What is desertification?

Answer 6

Where land is turned into a desert, usually on the edges of existing deserts.

Question 7

Name 3 plant adaptations in a hot desert.

Answer 7

Any of the following:
- small leaves
- tap roots
- spines
- waxy skin
- water storage

Question 8

Name 3 human causes of desertification.

Answer 8

1. Deforestation.
2. Overgrazing.
3. Overcultivation.

Question 9

How does drip tip leaves allow a plant to survive in a tropical rainforest?

Answer 9

Allows water to run off the leaves quickly to avoid damage.

Question 10

How do spines protect a cactus in a hot desert?

Answer 10

• stops animals from eating the plant.
• Lower water loss than leaves.

Question 11

Name 3 animal adaptations in a hot desert.

Answer 11

Any of the following:
- thick eyebrows
- thick fur
- hump
- wide feet

Question 12

How do buttress roots protect a plant in a tropical rainforest forest?

Answer 12

Creates a large surface area to support large trees.

Question 13

How does thick fur protect a camel at night in a hot desert?

Answer 13

Keeps camel warm during the cold nights.

Question 14

What are tap roots?

Answer 14

Large roots that go underground to access a water supply.

Question 15

What are emergents?

Answer 15

Plants that grow quickly to reach sunlight.

Question 16

How does waxy skin protect a plant in a hot desert?

Answer 16

Reduces water lost by transpiration.

Question 17

What is overcultivation and how does it lead to soil erosion?

Answer 17

• Intensive growing of crops.
• this exhausts the soil leaving it barren as the plants have taken all the nutrients.

Question 18

How does deforestation lead to soil erosion?

Answer 18

Loss of structure meaning the wind can move the soil easier.

Question 19

Give 2 example of places at risk of desertification.

Answer 19

1. Spain
2. Jordan

Question 20

What are 7 different ways to make topical rainforests more sustainable?

Answer 20

1. Replanting
2. Selective logging
3. Ecotourism
4. Education
5. Conservation
6. Reducing debt
7. International agreements

Question 21

What is ecotourism?

Answer 21

Allowing small groups of tourists to travel round the rainforest following strict rules.

Question 22

What does conservation do?

Answer 22

Stops damaging activities from occurring in a protected area.

Question 23

What can Reducing debt result in?

Answer 23

Countries stopping logging as they don’t have to pay back loans.
Or counties debt is payed off if conservation is guaranteed.

Question 24

What are international agreements?

Answer 24

Laws made between counties.

Question 25

What are the causes of deforestation?

Answer 25

Subsitence farming Logging Commercial farming Mineral extraction Road building Energy development Population growth

Question 26

What Is subsistence farming?

Answer 26

Small-scale farmers grow crops for family.

Question 27

Where is the thar desert located?

Answer 27

North-west India and south-east Pakistan.

Question 28

Name 4 opportunities in the thar desert.

Answer 28

- Mineral extraction - Tourism - Energy - Agriculture

Question 29

What are the 4 types of Mineral extraction in the thar desert?

Answer 29

1. Gypsm - making phoster 2. Feldspar - making ceramics 3. Phosphorite - make fertiliser 4. Koolin - used for whitening

Question 30

Name 3 ways tourism boosts the economy in the thar desert.

Answer 30

1. Hotels + camel riding + desert festivals 2. Sightseeing 3. Purchasing food and water

Question 31

Name the 4 energy sources in the thar desert.

Answer 31

Coal Solar Oil Wind - constructed in 2001

Question 32

What is commercial farming?

Answer 32

Large-scale farming to supply shops etc.

Question 33

Name 4 challenges In the thar desert.

Answer 33

1. Extreme heat - melts roads 2. Lack of water - has to be imported 3. Access - little transport 4. Wind - blows sand on roads

Question 34

Name 3 ways the thar desert is being mitigated against desertification.

Answer 34

1. Afforestation 2. Rock barrier 3. Man-made canal

Question 35

How does afforestation mitigate against desertification?

Answer 35

Provides soil structure so reduces soil erosion. Helps soil to produce nutrients.

Question 36

How does a rock barrier in the thar desert mitigate against desertification?

Answer 36

Creates a barrier against oncoming water. Leaves soil with more moisture to grow plants.

Question 37

How does a man-made canal mitigate against desertification in the thar desert?

Answer 37

Water scource for crops + drinking Adds moisture to the air.

Question 38

How much rainfall do you see in a hot desert per year?

Answer 38

Less than 250mm

Question 39

What can the temp be In a hot desert at night and day?

Answer 39

Night - 5°c Day - 45°c

Question 40

What is the soil like in a hot desert?

Answer 40

Shallow Not very fertile - no leaves fall Dry

Question 41

Name 4 adaptations to plants in a hot desert.

Answer 41

1. Long roots 2. Large surface area 3. Spines 4. Small leaves

Question 42

Name 5 adaptations to an animal living in the hot desert.

Answer 42

1. Nocturnal 2. Long limbs or ears 3. Fat storage 4. Long eyelashes 5. Large, flat feet

Question 43

How much of the earth's land surface is at risk of desertification?

Answer 43

1/3

Question 44

Name 3 animal adaptations to an animal in a tropical rainforest.

Answer 44

Camouflage Living In the canopy Short-pointy wings to be agile