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Geography > Paper 1 - Natural Hazards. > Flashcards

Paper 1 - Natural Hazards. Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the conditions of the eye like in a tropical storm?

A

Calm and dry.

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2
Q

Name three economic impacts of typhoon haiyaan.

A
  1. Estimated $5.8 billion damage.
  2. 6 million people lost source of income.
  3. 30,000 fishing boats destroyed.
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3
Q

What is a destructive plate boundary?

A

When two plates moves towards each other and one (the lighter/less dense) plate is forced under the other.

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4
Q

Name a protection method of volcanic eruptions.

A

Divert lava flows.

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5
Q

What was the evidence of climate change before 1910.

A

Ice cores samples.

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6
Q

Name 3 environmental impacts of typhoon haiyaan.

A
  1. Estimated 71,000 hectares of farmland affected.
  2. Power barage 103 knocked over causing an oil spill.
  3. Roads blocked by trees.
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7
Q

What is a Conservative plate boundary?

A

When plates move past each other causing friction.

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8
Q

How can you prepare for an earthquake?

A

Practise drills and evacuation schemes.

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9
Q

Name the three natural reasons to climate change.

A
  1. Orbital changes.
  2. Volcanic activity.
    Solar output.
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10
Q

Name 3 social impacts from typhoon haiyaan.

A
  1. 6300 people died - most from drowning.
  2. 1.9 million people displaced.
  3. Outbreaks of disease.
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11
Q

What is a constructive plate margin?

A

When two plates moves apart from each other.

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12
Q

Identify 2 ways we can predict for volcanic activity.

A
  1. Identifying patterns.
  2. Monitor gases using robots.
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13
Q

Name 4 human causes to climate change.

A
  1. Burning fossil fuels like coal, gas and oil.
  2. Deforestation.
  3. Agriculture.
  4. Waste Landfill.
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14
Q

What are the 3 conditions for a tropical storm to form?

A
  1. 27 degrees celcuis and above.
  2. Over the ocean.
  3. Between the tropics.
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15
Q

Describe the distribution of volcanoes.

A

• Around plate boundaries.
• Clustered along thr Pacific plate.

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16
Q

What can you put on the roofs of buildings for earthquake protection?

A

Rolling weights.

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17
Q

What does waste release when it decomposes?

A

Methane.

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18
Q

What does waste release when it decomposes?

A

Methane.

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19
Q

What is a primary effect?

A

Effects caused directly by the storm.

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20
Q

Describe the distribution of earthquakes.

A

• Along plate boundaries.
• Clustered along the South Asia plate.

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21
Q

How can we predict earthquakes?

A

Using seisometers to monitor earth tremors.

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22
Q

How much has the earth’s average surface air temperature increased by since 1900?

A

By 1 degrees celcuis.

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23
Q

What are the first two stages to a tropical storm forming?

A
  1. Warm water evaporates l, rises and condenses, producing energy.
  2. Low pressure drives surface winds.
24
Q

What are the last 2 stages to the formation of a tropical storm?

A
  1. Easterly winds move tropical storms west.
  2. Storms strengthen as they move over warm water.
25
Q

What are 3 natural causes for climate change?

A
  1. Orbital changes
  2. Volcanic activity
  3. Solar output
26
Q

What is a primary effect?

A

Immediate impacts caused by hazards

27
Q

What is a secondary effect?

A

Effects that happen later as a result of primary effects.

28
Q

Where is Nepal located?

A

In Asia, on a destructive plate margin.

29
Q

What was the date and magnitude of the Nepal earthquake?

A

2015
7.9

30
Q

What is Nepals gdp?

A

109/193 countries.

31
Q

What is Nepals HDI?

A

41/187 countries

32
Q

Name 3 social effects of the 2015 Nepal earthquake?

A

600,000 homes destroyed
30,000 classrooms destroyed
8856 people killed

33
Q

Name 2 economic effects of the Nepal earthquake.

A

$7 billion damage
Short term loss of tourist revenue

34
Q

Name 2 environmental effects of the Nepal earthquake.

A

A major avalanche on mount everest
Landslides by thr Village of ghodatabela.

35
Q

Name 3 long term responses Nepal made to the 2015 earthquake.

A
  • Infrastructure is repaired and landslides are cleared.
  • stricter controls on building codes
  • thousands of homeless people to be re-homed.
36
Q

Name 4 benefits of tectonic activity.

A
  1. Volcanoes can attract tourism
  2. Volcanoes provide geothermal energy.
  3. Better quality soil to grow crops and coffee.
  4. Volcanic soil is good for producing wines.
37
Q

What category was typhoon haiyaan?

A

Category 5

38
Q

Where is the phillipines located?

A

South-east Asia.

39
Q

What is nepals GNI per capita?

A

$3,160

40
Q

Name 3 Immediate responses to typhoon haiyaan?

A
  1. Broadcast warnings 2 days before, over 750,000 people evacuated.
  2. Fisherman warned not to go out to sea.
  3. A state emergency declared and aid was sent.
41
Q

Name 3 long term responses to typhoon haiyaan.

A
  1. The un raised $300 million for relief and rebuilding.
  2. A ‘no build zone’ placed in areas most affected.
  3. Tourism encouraged to increase income.
42
Q

How can tropical storms be monitored?

A
  1. Satellites
  2. Aircraft
43
Q

How can buildings be protected in a tropical storm?

A

Storm shutters
Secure garden furniture and roof tiles
Remove gravel from driveways
Build on stilts

44
Q

When did the somerset floods occur?

A

2014

45
Q

Why did the somerset floods occur In 2014?

A

Rivers hadn’t been dredged for 20 years so became clogged with sediment.
Heavy rainfall.

46
Q

Name 3 social impacts of the somerset floods in 2014.

A
  1. 600 homes flooded.
  2. 16 farms evacuated
  3. Power supplies cut off.
47
Q

Name 3 economic impacts of the somerset floods in 2014.

A
  1. Over 1000 livestock evacuated
  2. Estimated $10 million of damage
  3. Over 14,000 hectares of agricultural land flooded.
48
Q

After the somerset flood in 2014, how much of the river tone was dredged?

A

8km.

49
Q

What is the development of roads being raised?

A

Enable emergency services and business to continue transporting.

50
Q

Name an immediate response of the somerset floods in 2014.

A

Rescue boats deployed to help people.

51
Q

Where do storms in the uk arrive from?

A

The south-west from the Atlantic ocean.

52
Q

Where does hot and sunny weather in the uk arrive from?

A

South.

53
Q

Where does heavy snow and extreme cold in the uk arrive from?

A

North to North-East.

54
Q

Name the earthquake for a hic.

A

New Zealand

55
Q

Name 3 ways to mitigate climate change

A

Carbon capture
Afforestation
International agreements

56
Q

How does carbon capture mitigate against climate change?

A

Co2 is captured, compressed and transported to be injected as a liquid into the ground.

Geography (8 decks)

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