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Paper 1 - Natural Hazards. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the conditions of the eye like in a tropical storm?

A

Calm and dry.

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2
Q

Name three economic impacts of typhoon haiyaan.

A
  1. Estimated $5.8 billion damage.
  2. 6 million people lost source of income.
  3. 30,000 fishing boats destroyed.
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3
Q

What is a destructive plate boundary?

A

When two plates moves towards each other and one (the lighter/less dense) plate is forced under the other.

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4
Q

Name a protection method of volcanic eruptions.

A

Divert lava flows.

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5
Q

What was the evidence of climate change before 1910.

A

Ice cores samples.

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6
Q

Name 3 environmental impacts of typhoon haiyaan.

A
  1. Estimated 71,000 hectares of farmland affected.
  2. Power barage 103 knocked over causing an oil spill.
  3. Roads blocked by trees.
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7
Q

What is a Conservative plate boundary?

A

When plates move past each other causing friction.

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8
Q

How can you prepare for an earthquake?

A

Practise drills and evacuation schemes.

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9
Q

Name the three natural reasons to climate change.

A
  1. Orbital changes.
  2. Volcanic activity.
    Solar output.
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10
Q

Name 3 social impacts from typhoon haiyaan.

A
  1. 6300 people died - most from drowning.
  2. 1.9 million people displaced.
  3. Outbreaks of disease.
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11
Q

What is a constructive plate margin?

A

When two plates moves apart from each other.

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12
Q

Identify 2 ways we can predict for volcanic activity.

A
  1. Identifying patterns.
  2. Monitor gases using robots.
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13
Q

Name 4 human causes to climate change.

A
  1. Burning fossil fuels like coal, gas and oil.
  2. Deforestation.
  3. Agriculture.
  4. Waste Landfill.
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14
Q

What are the 3 conditions for a tropical storm to form?

A
  1. 27 degrees celcuis and above.
  2. Over the ocean.
  3. Between the tropics.
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15
Q

Describe the distribution of volcanoes.

A

• Around plate boundaries.
• Clustered along thr Pacific plate.

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16
Q

What can you put on the roofs of buildings for earthquake protection?

A

Rolling weights.

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17
Q

What does waste release when it decomposes?

A

Methane.

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18
Q

What does waste release when it decomposes?

A

Methane.

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19
Q

What is a primary effect?

A

Effects caused directly by the storm.

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20
Q

Describe the distribution of earthquakes.

A

• Along plate boundaries.
• Clustered along the South Asia plate.

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21
Q

How can we predict earthquakes?

A

Using seisometers to monitor earth tremors.

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22
Q

How much has the earth’s average surface air temperature increased by since 1900?

A

By 1 degrees celcuis.

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23
Q

What are the first two stages to a tropical storm forming?

A
  1. Warm water evaporates l, rises and condenses, producing energy.
  2. Low pressure drives surface winds.
24
Q

What are the last 2 stages to the formation of a tropical storm?

A
  1. Easterly winds move tropical storms west.
  2. Storms strengthen as they move over warm water.
25
What are 3 natural causes for climate change?
1. Orbital changes 2. Volcanic activity 3. Solar output
26
What is a primary effect?
Immediate impacts caused by hazards
27
What is a secondary effect?
Effects that happen later as a result of primary effects.
28
Where is Nepal located?
In Asia, on a destructive plate margin.
29
What was the date and magnitude of the Nepal earthquake?
2015 7.9
30
What is Nepals gdp?
109/193 countries.
31
What is Nepals HDI?
41/187 countries
32
Name 3 social effects of the 2015 Nepal earthquake?
600,000 homes destroyed 30,000 classrooms destroyed 8856 people killed
33
Name 2 economic effects of the Nepal earthquake.
$7 billion damage Short term loss of tourist revenue
34
Name 2 environmental effects of the Nepal earthquake.
A major avalanche on mount everest Landslides by thr Village of ghodatabela.
35
Name 3 long term responses Nepal made to the 2015 earthquake.
- Infrastructure is repaired and landslides are cleared. - stricter controls on building codes - thousands of homeless people to be re-homed.
36
Name 4 benefits of tectonic activity.
1. Volcanoes can attract tourism 2. Volcanoes provide geothermal energy. 3. Better quality soil to grow crops and coffee. 4. Volcanic soil is good for producing wines.
37
What category was typhoon haiyaan?
Category 5
38
Where is the phillipines located?
South-east Asia.
39
What is nepals GNI per capita?
$3,160
40
Name 3 Immediate responses to typhoon haiyaan?
1. Broadcast warnings 2 days before, over 750,000 people evacuated. 2. Fisherman warned not to go out to sea. 3. A state emergency declared and aid was sent.
41
Name 3 long term responses to typhoon haiyaan.
1. The un raised $300 million for relief and rebuilding. 2. A 'no build zone' placed in areas most affected. 3. Tourism encouraged to increase income.
42
How can tropical storms be monitored?
1. Satellites 2. Aircraft
43
How can buildings be protected in a tropical storm?
Storm shutters Secure garden furniture and roof tiles Remove gravel from driveways Build on stilts
44
When did the somerset floods occur?
2014
45
Why did the somerset floods occur In 2014?
Rivers hadn't been dredged for 20 years so became clogged with sediment. Heavy rainfall.
46
Name 3 social impacts of the somerset floods in 2014.
1. 600 homes flooded. 2. 16 farms evacuated 3. Power supplies cut off.
47
Name 3 economic impacts of the somerset floods in 2014.
1. Over 1000 livestock evacuated 2. Estimated $10 million of damage 3. Over 14,000 hectares of agricultural land flooded.
48
After the somerset flood in 2014, how much of the river tone was dredged?
8km.
49
What is the development of roads being raised?
Enable emergency services and business to continue transporting.
50
Name an immediate response of the somerset floods in 2014.
Rescue boats deployed to help people.
51
Where do storms in the uk arrive from?
The south-west from the Atlantic ocean.
52
Where does hot and sunny weather in the uk arrive from?
South.
53
Where does heavy snow and extreme cold in the uk arrive from?
North to North-East.
54
Name the earthquake for a hic.
New Zealand
55
Name 3 ways to mitigate climate change
Carbon capture Afforestation International agreements
56
How does carbon capture mitigate against climate change?
Co2 is captured, compressed and transported to be injected as a liquid into the ground.

Geography (8 decks)

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