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PE > Paper 1 The human body and movement in physical activity and sport > Flashcards

Paper 1 The human body and movement in physical activity and sport Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Skeleton

A

(1) support
(1) protection of vital organs by flat bones
(1) movement
(1) structural shape and points for attachment
(1) mineral storage
(1) blood cell production.

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2
Q

Muscles and their pairs

A

(1) latissimus Doris and deltoid
(1) rotator cuffs and pectorals
(1) biceps and triceps
(1) abdominals and hip flexors
gluteals
(1) hamstring and quadriceps
(1) gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior

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3
Q

Structure of a synovial joint

A

(1) synovial membrane
(1) synovial fluid
(1) joint capsule
(1) bursae
(1) cartilage
(1) ligaments

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4
Q

Hinge Joints

A

elbow, knee and ankle

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5
Q

Ball and Socket Joint

A

hip and shoulder

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6
Q

How joints differ in design to allow certain types of movement at a joint

A

(1) flexion/extension at the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee
(1) abduction/adduction at the shoulder
(1) rotation of the shoulder
(1) circumduction of the shoulder
(1) plantar flexion/dorsiflexion at the ankle.

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7
Q

The pathway of air

A

(1) mouth/nose
(1) trachea
(1) bronchi
(1) bronchioles
(1) alveoli

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8
Q

Structure of an Artery

A

(1) carried oxygenated blood away from heart
(1) thick muscular elastic walls
(1) high pressure blood

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9
Q

What is vasoconstriction

A

Reducing the diameter of small arteries, reduce blood flow to the tissues

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10
Q

What is Vasodilation

A

Increasing the diameter of small arteries to increase blood flow to tissues occurs, during exercise

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11
Q

Structure of the Veins

A

(1) carries deoxygenated blood back towards heart
(1) thinner walls
(1) lower blood pressure
(1) large internal diameter (lumen)
(1) valves prevent the blood flowing backwards

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12
Q

Structure of Capillaries

A

(1) tiny, thin walled blood vessels joint arteries and veins
(1) faculae gaseous exchange
(1) 1 cell thick wall

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13
Q

The cardiac cycle and the pathway of the blood

A

(1) deoxygenated blood into right atrium
(1) then into the right ventricle
(1) the pulmonary artery then transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs
(1) gas exchange occurs (blood is oxygenated)
(1) pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood back to the left atrium
(1) then into the left ventricle
(1) before oxygenated blood is ejected and transported to the body via the aorta

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14
Q

Cardiac Output Equation

A

Cardiac output (Q) = stroke volume x heart rate.

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15
Q

Aerobic

A

glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water
- marathon

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16
Q

Anaerobic

A

glucose → energy + lactic acid
- sprinting

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17
Q

EPOC (oxygen debt)

A

is caused by anaerobic exercise (producing lactic acid) and requires the performer to maintain increased breathing rate after exercise to repay the debt.

18
Q

Mechanical advantage equation

A

Mechanical advantage = effort arm ÷ weight (resistance) arm.

19
Q

Definition of Isotonic Concentric and examples

A

Muscle contracts and shortens
E.g Bicep Curl

20
Q

Definition of Isotonic Eccentric and examples

A

Muscle contract and lengths
E.g. downward phase of a press up of squat

21
Q

Definition of Isotonic contractions

A

Occurs when the muscle changes length when it contracts, and they result in limb movement

22
Q

Definition of Isometric contractions

A

Okay, when the message stays the same length, There is no actual movement of iPhone, and then have a drink, because the muscles are working to keep the joint stationary

E.g. handstand, plank

23
Q

Definition of Health

A

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

24
Q

Definition of Fitness

A

The ability to meet/cope with the demands of the environment

25
Q

Definition of Agility

A

(1) The ability to move and change direction, quickly at speed whilst maintaining control

(1) badminton player

26
Q

Definition of Balance

A

(1) The maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support

(1) gymnast holding final position

27
Q

Definition of Cardio-Vascular Endurance

A

(1) The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles

(1) long distance runners

28
Q

Definition of Co-ordination

A

(1) The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently

(1) hockey player

29
Q

Definition of Flexibility

A

(1) The range of movement around a joint

(1) gymnasts splits

30
Q

Definition of Muscular Endurance

A

(1) The ability to undergo repeated contractions, avoiding fatigue in muscles

(1) boxers

31
Q

Definition of Power

A

(1) How quickly you can use your strength, power = s x t

(1) boxers

32
Q

Definition of Reaction time

A

(1) the time is take for you to initiate an action or movement in response to a stimuli

(1) cricket fielder catching the ball

33
Q

Reasons for Fitness testing

A

(1) to identify strengths and/or weaknesses in a (1) performance/the success of a training programme
(1) to monitor improvement
(1) to show a starting level of fitness
(1) to inform training requirements
(1) to compare against norms of the group/national averages
(1) to motivate/set goals
(1) to provide variety in a training programme.

34
Q

Key principles of training

A

S pecificity
P rogressive
O verload
R eversibility
T edium

35
Q

Key principles of overload

A

F requency
I ntensity
T ime
T ype

36
Q

How to Calculate the aerobic/anaerobic training zone

A

(1) calculate maximum heart rate (220 minus age)
(1) calculate aerobic training zone (60–80% of maximal heart rate)
(1) calculate anaerobic training zone (80–90% of maximal heart rate).

37
Q

How to calculate one repetition maximum (one rep max)

A

(1) strength/power training (high weight/low reps – above 70% of one rep max, approximately three sets of 4–8 reps)
(1) muscular endurance (low weight/high reps – below 70% of one rep max, approximately three sets of 12–15 reps).

38
Q

How high altitude training is carried out

A

(1) train at high altitude
(1) there is less oxygen in the air and oxygen carrying capacity is reduced
(1) the body compensates by making more red blood cells to carry oxygen.

39
Q

Pre season

A

pre-season/preparation – general/aerobic fitness, specific fitness needs

40
Q

Competition

A

competition/peak/playing season – maintain fitness levels, work on specific skills

41
Q

Post season

A

post-season/transition – rest and light aerobic training to maintain a level of general fitness.

PE (2 decks)

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