Paper 1 - The Heart Flashcards
Name the 4 blood vessels going in and out the atria and ventricles
Vena cava goes into the right atria
Pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle.
Aorta leaves the left ventricle
Pulmonary vein goes into the left atria
What is cardiovascular disease ?
Disease associated with heart and blood vessels started from formation of atheroma.
Cardiovascular disease
When coronary arteries have many atheromas so blood flow to cardiac muscle decreases. This leads to myocardial infection
How does an atheroma form?
Endothelium gets damaged
WBCs and lipids dump under lining
From fatty streaks
Build up with connective tissue and harden your form fibrous plaque
Why are atheroma danagerous ?
- Partially block lumen
- Restrict blood flow
- Blood pressure increases
What is an aneurysm ?
Swelling of the artery → atheromas form - damage and weakens arteries.
Blood pressure increases
Inner layers forced through elastic layer
Results in haemorrhage (bleeding)
How do blood clots form?
- Atheroma forms
- Atheroma plauque ruptures endothelium
- Damages artery wall leaving rough surface
- Platelets and fibrin accumulate
This can cause o,plate blockage of artery
What causes myocardial infarction ?
- Blood clot in coronary arteries
- Reduces blood flow
- Oxygen not supplied to area of cardiac muscle
- Prevents respiration = muscles cannot contract
What can increase risk of atheromas ?
- Smoking
- Too much salt = increase in blood pressure
- Too much saturated fat - high cholesterol
What is an atheroma ?
Fibrous plaque that narrows lumen of arteries
Required Practical 5: Dissection
- Carry/wash sharp instruments by holding handle to avoid cutting yourself
- Carry/wash sharp instruments by pointing away from body and use a hard,flat, non-slip surface to cut on to avoid cutting yourself
3.
