Paper 1 - Cells And Studying Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Smooth Endoplastic Reticulum
A
Synthesises and process lipids and non - protein products
2
Q
Rough Endoplastic Reticulum
A
Folds and process proteins
3
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
Processes and packages lipids and proteins, produces lysosomes
4
Q
Lysosomes
A
Stores hydrolytic enzymes - lysozymes
5
Q
Prokaryotes
A
- Single-called organisms
- Linear, free DNA
- Not associated with histones/proteins
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Cell wall is made of murein
- Has smaller ribosomes (70s)
- Has flagella, capsule and ribosomes
6
Q
Eukaryotes
A
- Circular DNA in nucleus
- Associated with proteins
- Contains membrane-bound organelles e.g, mitochondria
- No cell wall
- Has larger ribosomes (80s)
- No capsule or plasmids
7
Q
Binary fission
A
- Circular DNA and plasmids replicate
- Cell gets bigger and DNA loops move to posited poles of the cell
- Cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begin to form
- Cytoplasm divides producing 2 daughter cells
→ contains one copy of circular DNA but variable number of copies of plasmids
8
Q
Cell fractionation - Homogenisation
A
- Ice cold → reduces KE of enzymes so they don’t damage the organelles
- Isotonic → WP of solution is the same to prevent osmotic lysis
- Buffered → maintains pH so proteins and enzymes in organelles do not become denatured
9
Q
Cell Fractionation - Filtration
A
Cell solution is filtered to separate cell/tissue debris from the organelles
10
Q
Investigating mitosis
A
11
Q
How to calculate mitotic index
A
Mitotic index = number of cells undergoing mitosis / total number of cells
