Paper 1- Skeletal And Musular Systems

Question 1

What is the structure of a ligament?

Answer 1

A tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

Question 2

What is the function of a ligament?

Answer 2

Connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement

Question 3

What is the structure of synovial fluid?

Answer 3

Lubricating liquid contained within a joint cavity

Question 4

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 4

Reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage

Question 5

What is the structure of articular cartilage?

Answer 5

Smooth tissue which covers the surface or articulating bones

Question 6

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 6

Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement

Question 7

What is the structure of the joint capsule?

Answer 7

A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

Question 8

What is the function of a joint capsule?

Answer 8

Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid

Question 9

What is the structure of a bursa?

Answer 9

A closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones

Question 10

What is the function of a bursa?

Answer 10

Reduces friction between tendons and bones

Question 11

Define a joint.

Answer 11

A joint is an area of the body where 2 or more bones articulate to create human movement

Question 12

What are the 3 planes of movement and how does it split the body?

Answer 12

Sagittal- divides body into left and right
Frontal- divides body into front and back (anterior and posterior)
Transverse- divides body into top and bottom

Question 13

What 4 movements can occur on a sagittal plane of movement?

Answer 13

Flexion
Extension
Doris-flexion
Plantar-flexion

Question 14

What 2 movements can occur on a frontal plane of movement?

Answer 14

Abduction

Adduction

Question 15

What 3 movements occur on a transverse plane of movement?

Answer 15

Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
Rotation

Question 16

Name 3 types of joints? (with examples)

Answer 16

Ball and socket (hip, shoulder) 
Hinge joint (knee, elbow, ankle)
Condyloid joint (wrist)

Question 17

What joint type is the shoulder and what are the articulating bones?

Answer 17

Ball and socket joint

Humerus and scapula

Question 18

What is the agonist and antagonist muscles at the shoulder when it undergoes flexion?

Answer 18

Anterior Deltoid (agonist)
Posterior deltoid (anatgonist)

Question 19

What is the agonist and antagonist muscles at the shoulder when it undergoes extension?

Answer 19

Posterior deltoid (agonist) 
Anterior deltoid (antagonist)

Question 20

What is the agonist and antagonist muscles at the shoulder when it undergoes adduction?

Answer 20

Latissimus dorsi (agonist)
Middle deltoid (antagonist)

Question 21

What is the agonist and antagonist muscles at the shoulder as it undergoes abduction?

Answer 21

Middle deltoid (agonist) 
Latissimus dorsi (antagonist)