Paper 1 Section B: The Living World

Question 1

What are the causes of deforestation in the Amazon?

Answer 1

1) Subsistence farming
2) Commercial farming
3) Logging
4) Road building
5) Mineral extraction
6) Energy development
7) Settlement
8) Population growth

Question 2

Give me the description of subsistence farming in the Amazon rainforest

Answer 2

1) Small-scale farmers growing crops for family
2) Land is cleared by burning it and cutting down trees

Question 3

Give me the description of commercial farming in the Amazon

Answer 3

1) 250,000 km² cleared to produce soy
2) 70% of all deforestation in the Amazon TRF
3) Growing crops or rearing cattle for money

Question 4

Give me the description of logging in the Amazon?

Answer 4

1) 3% of total deforestation
2) Hardwood trees legal and illegal loggers

Question 5

Give me the description of road building in the Amazon

Answer 5

1) Trans-Amazonian highway is being made so forest is more accessible, but trees are cut down to make way for roads

Question 6

Give me the description of mineral extraction in the Amazon

Answer 6

1) Extraction of bauxite
2) Over 50,000 hectares used for gold mining

Question 7

Give me the description of energy development in the Amazon

Answer 7

1) Hydroelectric power floods the forest
2) Balbina Dam flooded 2400km² of forest

Question 8

Give me the description of settlement in the Amazon

Answer 8

1) Rainforest destroyed to build buildings and houses

Question 9

Give me the description of population growth in the Amazon

Answer 9

1) Population growth by 25%
2) Forest is cleared so cities are less overcrowded
3) Land is offered to poor people from overcrowded cities

Question 10

What are the impacts of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest?

Answer 10

1) Loss of biodiversity
2) Soil erosion
3) Contribution to climate change
4) Decline of indigenous tribes
5) Economic change

Question 11

Give me the description of loss of biodiversity in the Amazon

Answer 11

1) 137 species lost in the Amazon each day

Question 12

Give me the description of soil erosion in the Amazon

Answer 12

1) Exposes previously shaded ground to wind and rain

Question 13

Give me the description of the contribution to climate change in the Amazon

Answer 13

1) More CO2
2) Reduces photosynthesis, transpiration and cooling effect of evaporation
3) Higher temp

Question 14

Give me the description of the decline of indigenous tribes in the Amazon

Answer 14

1) 1 million indigenous people forced out due to land being used for settlements and road building

Question 15

Give me a description of the impact of economic change in the Amazon

Answer 15

1) Medicines extinct
2) Tourism decreases
3) Loss of rubber trees is causing rubber tappers to lose jobs
4) 8000 jobs lost in the mineral industry due to mineral depletion

Question 16

What are the 4 opportunities in the Thar Desert ?

Answer 16

1) Tourism
2) Energy
3) Farming
4) Mineral extraction

Question 17

How is tourism an opportunity in the Thar Desert

Answer 17

1) Attracts 1000s of tourists each year
2) Provides jobs for locals
3) Popular attractions include desert safaris, annual desert festivals

Question 18

How is energy an opportunity in the Thar Desert?

Answer 18

1) Large oilfield in the Barmer district
2) Jaisalmer Wind Park has 75 wind turbines
3) Sunny cloudless skies provide optimal conditions for solar power
4) Huge coal deposits

Question 19

How is farming an opportunity for the Thar Desert ?

Answer 19

1) Indira Gandhi canal provides irrigation
2) Has allowed commercial farming to occur as plants like wheat and cotton can now be grown in a scrubby desert

Question 20

How has mineral extraction been an opportunity for the Thar desert?

Answer 20

1) Has mineral reserves with minerals used across India like feldspar( used for ceramics), phosphorite( used for fertilisers) and gypsum ( used for cement)

Question 21

What are the 4 challenges in the Thar Desert ?

Answer 21

1) Extreme temperatures
2) Water supply
3) Inaccessibility
4) Subsistence farming

Question 22

How is extreme temperature a challenge in the Thar desert ?

Answer 22

1) Temp can exceed 50°C
2) So working outside can be very hard, especially for farmers
3) Makes life harder for tourist guides, mine workers, meaning fewer people want to work there

Question 23

How is water supply a challenge for the Thar desert ?

Answer 23

1) Only 120-140 mm of rain
2) Farming, tourism, mining hindered due to a lack of water, growth in the economy hindered
3) Water pipes are expensive to install
4) Demand for water is in conflict with the water provided by the Desert

Question 24

How is inaccessibility a challenge for the Thar desert ?

Answer 24

1) Limited road network to middle of desert make it harder for services to be provided to remote communities in the desert
2) Oil,water and gas pipelines are therefore very expensive to build
3) Beyond certain cities like Jaisalmer, development is limited

Question 25

How is subsistence farming a challenge for the Thar desert ?

Answer 25

1) Grazing animals on grassy areas cause grass to disappear. This can chase soul erosion as vegetation isn't present to stabilise the roots. This can deliver animals of a food source. 2) Destroyed plants may take years to grow back 3) Can cause further desertification

Question 26

What are the strategies to reduce desertification in the Sahel Desert?

Answer 26

1) Appropriate cooking technology 2) Planting trees 3) Better land, water and soil management

Question 28

What is one strategy to reduce desertification in the Sahel desert?

Answer 28

Appropriate cooking technology ## Footnote This includes the use of efficient stoves rather than fuel wood.

Question 29

What type of stoves can generate electricity for charging phones?

Answer 29

Stoves made out of clay ## Footnote These stoves can also be used to prepare for droughts or rains.

Question 30

How can solar power contribute to managing deserts?

Answer 30

It can provide energy for cooking ## Footnote Earnings from solar energy can also help fund infrastructure to combat desertification.

Question 31

What role do tree roots play in combating desertification?

Answer 31

They stabilize soil and prevent erosion ## Footnote Trees also add valuable nutrients to the soil.

Question 32

What initiative has the African Union proposed to promote sustainability in the Sahel?

Answer 32

The 'Green Wall' ## Footnote This involves planting trees surrounding the Sahel borders.

Question 33

What is a long-term benefit of planting trees in desert areas?

Answer 33

Promotes further plant growth by making soil more fertile ## Footnote This results from trees adding nutrients to the soil.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Stoves made out of clay can generate enough electricity to _______.

Answer 34

charge a phone