Geography Paper 1 Case Studies

Question 1

What were the primary effects of L’Aquilla ?

Answer 1

1) 300 killed
2) 1500 injured
3) $11.1 billion damage
4) 40,000 homeless

Question 2

What were the secondary effects of L’Aquilla ?

Answer 2

1) Mudflow pipe burst near Paganio
2) Landslides damaged housing and public transport
3) Lack of housing meant house prices and rent increased

Question 3

What were the immediate responses for L’Aquilla ?

Answer 3

1) 10,000 sheltered at hotels
2) 40,000 tents provided
3) $ 500 mil raised by the EU
4) 7 search and rescue dog units

Question 4

What were the long term responses for L’Aquilla ?

Answer 4

1) No taxes during 2010
2) Free uni for students
3) Free public transport

Question 5

What were the primary effects in Nepal?

Answer 5

1) 9000 killed
2) 20,000 injured
3) 3 million homeless
4) $5bn damage

Question 6

What were the immediate responses for Nepal ?

Answer 6

1) 500,000 tents provided
2) Over $1 billion international aid from India and China
3) Field hospitals set up

Question 7

What were the secondary effects in Nepal ?

Answer 7

1) Landslides were triggered, led to 20 deaths
2) Tourism declined

Question 8

What were the long term responses for Nepal ?

Answer 8

1) $274 million committed to recovery
2) Stricter building codes enforced
3) Over 7000 schools rebuilt
4) Landslides, roads cleared up

Question 9

What were the primary effects of typhoon haiyan ?

Answer 9

1) 6000 deaths
2) 1 million houses damaged
3) 600,000 hectares of farmland destroyed
4) $12 billion damage

Question 10

What were the secondary effects of typhoon haiyan ?

Answer 10

1) Landslides triggered
2) 5.6 million jobs lost
3) Lots of looting
4) Outbreak of water bourne diseases like cholera

Question 11

What were the immediate responses for typhoon haiyan

Answer 11

1) 800,000 evacuated
2) 1200 evacuation centres
3) Relief from the Red Cross
4) Field hospitals from different countries

Question 12

What were the long term responses for typhoon haiyan ?

Answer 12

1) People paid to clear up debris
2) $300 million provided by UN
3) Storm resistant houses built 4)Houses built away from areas at risk

Question 13

When was the Somerset floods ?

Answer 13

The Somerset floods were in 2014

Question 14

What caused the Somerset floods?

Answer 14

1) High tides and storms surges runoff causing fresh water to spill over river banks due to high discharge
2) Rivers were clogged with sediment leading to reduced capacity of rivers
3) Intensive farming means their ability to intercept water was decreased leading to more surface runoff

Question 15

What are the social effects of the Somerset floods?

Answer 15

1) 600 houses flooded
2) 16 farms evacuated
3) Power supplies cut off
4) Residents moved to temporary accommodation
5) Transport to schools and jobs affected as roads blocked

Question 16

What are the economic effects of the Somerset Floods ?

Answer 16

1) £10 mil damage
2) Tourism industry lost 200 mil
3) Roads cut off
4) Increase in insurance costs for locals
5) Inability to get to jobs leads to a halt in the economy

Question 17

What are the environmental effects of the Somerset levels ?

Answer 17

1) Huge amount of debris
2) Floodwater was contaminated with sewage, leaf to diseases, contaminated rivers and affected wildlife

Question 18

What were the immediate responses for the Somerset levels ?

Answer 18

1) Boats provided for evacuation
2) Food and water donated by local groups and government

Question 19

What were the long term responses of the Somerset levels?

Answer 19

1) Rivers dredged
2) Raised banks to prevent floods
3) River walls
4) Embankments

Question 20

What is mitigation?

Answer 20

It is to solve the problem of climate change

Question 21

What are the types of mitigation ?

Answer 21

1) Carbon capture and storage
2) Afforestation
3) Alternative energy production
4) International agreements

Question 22

How does carbon capture and storage solve the problem ?

Answer 22

1) Uses tech to capture CO2 from atmosphere; compressing it into a liquid and storing it under geological reservoirs

2)Captures 90% of CO2 released in Atmosphere

Question 23

How does afforestation help solving the problem ?

Answer 23

1) Captures CO2 for photosynthesis
2) They also release moisture having a cooling effect
3) US has invested $40 bn in this

4) May take a long time for it to be effective

Question 24

How can alternative energy production help solve the problem ?

Answer 24

1) Fossil fuels are responsible for 87% of CO2 emissions

2) Other renewable sources will have lower GHG emissions, but not as reliable

Question 25

How can international agreements help solve the problem ?

Answer 25

1) Kyoto agreement : 170 countries decided to reduce CO2 emissions by 5%
2) Paris agreement: 190 countries decided to keep the average global temp rising by 2°C

Question 26

What is adaptation ?

Answer 26

Adaptation is to live with the problem

Question 27

What are the types of adaptation?

Answer 27

1) Agriculture
2) Rising sea levels
3) Water shortages

Question 28

How does agriculture help to live with the problem ?

Answer 28

1) Some areas of the world will be able to grow crops they couldn’t before e.g.Mediterranean crops like olives in UK

2) Not as easy to grow crops they previously could and adaptation is required e.g Potato park in Peru to higher latitude

Question 29

How does rising sea levels help to live with the problem ?

Answer 29

1) Islands like the Maldives will be inhabitable so population must be relocated to places like india

Question 30

How do water shortages help to live with the problem ?

Answer 30

1) Droughts could be more frequent leaving to water supply problems for a growing population e.g Thames opened a desalination plant to provide water to 400,000 homes