Paper 1 Section B : origins of the Cold War

Question 1

What is the Cold War

Answer 1

A state of political hostility between countries characterised by threats, propaganda and measures of short open warfare

Question 2

What is communism and it’s colour

Answer 2

Red, everyone seen as equal, they work for the state, wealth shared, 1 political party

Question 3

What is capitalism and it’s colour

Answer 3

Blue, competition, are money for yourself, freedom of speech , divide in wealth, democracy

Question 4

Why did communism’s and capitalism lead to the Cold War

Answer 4

They each believe their ideaology was the best, they contradicted one another and are completely different. They both feared each other’s ideology would spread, this led to tension

Question 5

Why did tepee war start to the USSR taking over countries

Answer 5

Stalin inveaded Eastern European countries known as soviet expansion, usually converted be force, USA feared allies would be aff3ted, domino theory! He also converted countries in Asia

Question 6

Why did usas plans and policies start the war

Answer 6

Tried to stop communism spreading, Truman doctrine( do everything they could to help countries ) and it was successful in turkey and Greece, Marshall plan included giving money to countries to help them, in Asia they sent armies

Question 7

How much did France receive
Austria
Greece

Answer 7

2,296 million
488 million
366 million

Question 8

How many civilians died in the fight to prevent communism in north Vietnam,

Answer 8

600000

Question 9

What happened at yalta

Answer 9

Feb 1945
Discuss plans post war for Europe
Big 3, stalin, chamberlain, roosevelt,

Question 10

What did the USA agree about and not agree about at yalta

Answer 10

Agree
Gemany to be divided into 4 sections one of which America would own, punish criminals for the holocaust and free prisoners from concentration camps, countries liberated can chose their own governments through free elections, join United Nations - keep peace
Disagree
Stalin wanted to expand westwards
Didn’t want United Nations to owe loyalty to soviet Russia

Question 11

What did USSR agree and disagree at yalta

Answer 11

Agree
To enter war against japan once Germany y surrendered, border of USSR to move westwards, agreed that Europe would be seen as a soviet sphere of influence, Germany to be divided into 4 zones 1 for USSR, the capital would be in soviet area, join United Nations,hunt down responsible for holocaust and liberate camps
Disagree
Future security of USSR - 20 million died, didn’t want to divide the capital

Question 12

What did Britain agree and sugared at yalta

Answer 12

Germany would be divided into 4 zones 1 British and 1 French, capital divided, joined United Nations, stop communism’s spreading so let stalin keep some of Poland, pinkish war criminals for the holocaust, countries liberated from Germans choose own governments by free elections
Disagree
Soviet Union has become a danger

Question 13

What was the point of the United Nations

Answer 13

Keep peace after war

Question 14

What happened at the dropping of the atomic bomb

Answer 14

Roosevelt agreed to the creation of the atomic bomb, on Hiroshima it killed 80000 civilians on 1945
Japan’s empower surrendered but didn’t tell so they dropped another on Nagasaki killing 40000
In retaliation to attack on pearl harbour, and to end the war
65% who killed in both were under 9

Question 15

What was the first bomb called and the second

Answer 15

Little boy
Fat boy
Both created by Albert Einstein

Question 16

What were the disagreements at Potsdam 19945

Answer 16

What to do with Germany - stalin wanted to cripple Germany to protect USSR from further threats, Truman didn’t want to repeat mistake of treaty of Versailles
Over reservations - 20 million russsiand died and stalin wanted $10 billion in compensation from Germany, Truman didn’t want to make the mistake at the end of world war 1
Over soviet policy in eastern euro, stalin wanted to set up pro soviet government in Eastern Europe sigh they agreed at ya,ta however now Truman sees it as evidence for building a soviet empire, Truman started a get tough attitude

Question 17

What were the similarities and differences at Potsdam

Answer 17

Similarities
Stalin, USA and Britain have a close relationship, still punish Germany, in same year, fear of communism
Differences
Ideologies clashed more, fear of communism heightened, Truman more anticomunist than rossevemt,

Question 18

What was Stalin’s aim in expanding

Answer 18

To create a buffer zone all resonsigle to stalincor protection of USSR, the iron curtain was a metaphor Churchill used showing the divide between communist and capitalist countries,

Question 19

Who were the 8 communist governments

Answer 19

East Germany
Poland, 
Hungary
Romania 
Bulgaria
Albania
Yugoslavia
Czechoslovakia

Question 20

What was the Truman doctrine

Answer 20

March 1947
Assist threatened nations
Containment policy
Financial aid given to establish economy

Question 21

What was the Marshall plan

Answer 21

Rebuild Europe’s economies for trade
1947
Stalin forbade any in his obsession to accept the money ,
American action

Question 22

What was Stalin’s opinion on the Marshall plan

Answer 22

Denounced the plan as dollar imperialism
The American duty is a cover up for expansion

Set up Comecon and cominform

Question 23

What was comecon

Answer 23

1949
Coordinate trade and inspdustries in his controlled countries
International bank

Question 24

What was cominform

Answer 24

1947, coordinate communist governments, what the USSR wanted them to do

Question 25

What was the mini Berlin blockade

Answer 25

Soviets wanted the western officials from west bet,in to wurhdraw so he could have complete control, he made life as difficult for those,
Commenced in 1948, block transport of military supplies to western troops, and closed bridge for ‘maintanence ‘
Traffic restrictions
Little effect - made them more determined to stay

Question 26

What was the Berlin blockade

Answer 26

All transport links blocked, no supplies
They reserved food and fuel, electricity was cut by soviets,

Americans used air to deposit goods into the country through air lifts
Over 4000 tonnes of supplies delivered everyda, arrived every three minutes, stalin lifted the blockade and created a democratic republic in retaliation to the federal republic of Germany
Had its own secret place Stasi,
USA and Britain signed the North Atlantic treaty organisation - all depend one another
USSR then created rival Warsaw Pact.