Paper 1 Section B : origins of the Cold War Flashcards
What is the Cold War
A state of political hostility between countries characterised by threats, propaganda and measures of short open warfare
What is communism and it’s colour
Red, everyone seen as equal, they work for the state, wealth shared, 1 political party
What is capitalism and it’s colour
Blue, competition, are money for yourself, freedom of speech , divide in wealth, democracy
Why did communism’s and capitalism lead to the Cold War
They each believe their ideaology was the best, they contradicted one another and are completely different. They both feared each other’s ideology would spread, this led to tension
Why did tepee war start to the USSR taking over countries
Stalin inveaded Eastern European countries known as soviet expansion, usually converted be force, USA feared allies would be aff3ted, domino theory! He also converted countries in Asia
Why did usas plans and policies start the war
Tried to stop communism spreading, Truman doctrine( do everything they could to help countries ) and it was successful in turkey and Greece, Marshall plan included giving money to countries to help them, in Asia they sent armies
How much did France receive
Austria
Greece
2,296 million
488 million
366 million
How many civilians died in the fight to prevent communism in north Vietnam,
600000
What happened at yalta
Feb 1945
Discuss plans post war for Europe
Big 3, stalin, chamberlain, roosevelt,
What did the USA agree about and not agree about at yalta
Agree
Gemany to be divided into 4 sections one of which America would own, punish criminals for the holocaust and free prisoners from concentration camps, countries liberated can chose their own governments through free elections, join United Nations - keep peace
Disagree
Stalin wanted to expand westwards
Didn’t want United Nations to owe loyalty to soviet Russia
What did USSR agree and disagree at yalta
Agree
To enter war against japan once Germany y surrendered, border of USSR to move westwards, agreed that Europe would be seen as a soviet sphere of influence, Germany to be divided into 4 zones 1 for USSR, the capital would be in soviet area, join United Nations,hunt down responsible for holocaust and liberate camps
Disagree
Future security of USSR - 20 million died, didn’t want to divide the capital
What did Britain agree and sugared at yalta
Germany would be divided into 4 zones 1 British and 1 French, capital divided, joined United Nations, stop communism’s spreading so let stalin keep some of Poland, pinkish war criminals for the holocaust, countries liberated from Germans choose own governments by free elections
Disagree
Soviet Union has become a danger
What was the point of the United Nations
Keep peace after war
What happened at the dropping of the atomic bomb
Roosevelt agreed to the creation of the atomic bomb, on Hiroshima it killed 80000 civilians on 1945
Japan’s empower surrendered but didn’t tell so they dropped another on Nagasaki killing 40000
In retaliation to attack on pearl harbour, and to end the war
65% who killed in both were under 9
What was the first bomb called and the second
Little boy
Fat boy
Both created by Albert Einstein
What were the disagreements at Potsdam 19945
What to do with Germany - stalin wanted to cripple Germany to protect USSR from further threats, Truman didn’t want to repeat mistake of treaty of Versailles
Over reservations - 20 million russsiand died and stalin wanted $10 billion in compensation from Germany, Truman didn’t want to make the mistake at the end of world war 1
Over soviet policy in eastern euro, stalin wanted to set up pro soviet government in Eastern Europe sigh they agreed at ya,ta however now Truman sees it as evidence for building a soviet empire, Truman started a get tough attitude
What were the similarities and differences at Potsdam
Similarities
Stalin, USA and Britain have a close relationship, still punish Germany, in same year, fear of communism
Differences
Ideologies clashed more, fear of communism heightened, Truman more anticomunist than rossevemt,
What was Stalin’s aim in expanding
To create a buffer zone all resonsigle to stalincor protection of USSR, the iron curtain was a metaphor Churchill used showing the divide between communist and capitalist countries,
Who were the 8 communist governments
East Germany Poland, Hungary Romania Bulgaria Albania Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia
What was the Truman doctrine
March 1947
Assist threatened nations
Containment policy
Financial aid given to establish economy
What was the Marshall plan
Rebuild Europe’s economies for trade
1947
Stalin forbade any in his obsession to accept the money ,
American action
What was Stalin’s opinion on the Marshall plan
Denounced the plan as dollar imperialism
The American duty is a cover up for expansion
Set up Comecon and cominform
What was comecon
1949
Coordinate trade and inspdustries in his controlled countries
International bank
What was cominform
1947, coordinate communist governments, what the USSR wanted them to do
What was the mini Berlin blockade
Soviets wanted the western officials from west bet,in to wurhdraw so he could have complete control, he made life as difficult for those,
Commenced in 1948, block transport of military supplies to western troops, and closed bridge for ‘maintanence ‘
Traffic restrictions
Little effect - made them more determined to stay
What was the Berlin blockade
All transport links blocked, no supplies
They reserved food and fuel, electricity was cut by soviets,
Americans used air to deposit goods into the country through air lifts
Over 4000 tonnes of supplies delivered everyda, arrived every three minutes, stalin lifted the blockade and created a democratic republic in retaliation to the federal republic of Germany
Had its own secret place Stasi,
USA and Britain signed the North Atlantic treaty organisation - all depend one another
USSR then created rival Warsaw Pact.
