Paper 1 Section A : Roaring 20s Flashcards
Who contributed to the industrial strength
Henry ford
What enabled Henry ford to contribute to economic boom
Mass production and standardisation which made the assembly line
How quickly did he make his cars
1 every 10 seconds
What did the price descend to at what time
1928 $295
How many more cars were there on the roads than in 1900
47996000
Where were his factories
Detroit
What were the price of the car compared to
3 months wages of a factory worker - lower class
By how much did the average wages increase by
11 %
How much did the average working week drop to
44.2 hours (8 hours a day) shifts equalling 24 hours
How many men were working in 1929 in one factory
81,000
In what year was the motor industry the biggest industry in America
1929
After how many years of opening how many cars were made a day
10 years 500 cars a day
What was the model t nicknamed
Tin Lizzie
When was ford founded
1903
How did ford increase housing
People could drive to suburbs and by cheaper homes further away from city centre
What was ford the first at
Making cars efficiently and quickly for cheap prices influencing other manufacturers and not for just making cars
How muhch did the average worker earn
$5
Give a quote from Henry ford
Can have any colour …. so long as it’s black
By standardisation what advantage did that cause
Having less skllled workers who cost less and were easy to find
What also did ford open
Profit sharing scheme
What were the 5 main entertainment chases
Music Radio Books magazines cartoons Movie and cinema Sport
Who were the main black American face in music
Bessie smith
Lois Armstrong
Duke Ellington
When and what did Lois Armstrong do
1925-1928
West end blues famous song
Who was duke Ellington
'Americas greatest composer' Soda fountain rag Toured Changed musical history Jazz and blues
Who was Bessie smith
‘Blues empress’
Downhearted blues
Sold 2000000 copies in one year
What was music in the 20’s considered as
Jazz age
Where did the music come from and what happened
Harlem renaissance
Black Americans - slaves migration north to south
Popular music from rural areas - countryside
What did elderly think of music
Corrupted young - racial views of black Americans - didn’t join in the fun in speakeasies
Who were jack Dempsey
George Herman Ruth and Henry Seagrave
Jack heavy weight champion
Henry - 1929 motor racer on golden arrow 231.44 mph
George - babe Ruth star of New York yankees baseball team - al Capone enjoyed baseball and favoured Boston Red Sox
What happened in schools due to sport
Opened sports to middle class allowing the sale of equipment in schools
What could people do with sport
Pay to watch it live
In what year how many homes had radios
1/2 of all homes
In one year 1921-22 how many radio stations were there created
508
On the radio what could be publicised
Adverts and the news and popular music
Sponsors and political views
What did critics say about the radio
It should be educational and enlightening
Canst famous systems for radio were therereaching nearly every nation
Columbia broadcast system
National broadcasting operation
Who was heard in every nation
Bing Crosby
Due to the radio becoming popular what occurred
Demand for mass production
Who were a big book selling company
Garner and noble
What sold in books and magazines
Sex
What was a great common boook written in the 1920’s and why was it so great
Great gatsby Depicted upper class life
Who were the most famous cartoon characters
Winnie the Pooh
Bettie hoop
When did Mickey Mouse come about
1928
Who were famous authors
TS Elliot and Robert frost
In books what did they write about it here than sex
Ww1 experiences
Disillusionment
Sense of rebel
Who were famous movie producers
Hollywood
Metro Goldwyn mayor
What films were introduced
Talkie films
What was so significant about a dark auditorium
Enter a new world
Creates tension and anticipation - can’t see
Forget their troubles
Why did people go to the cinema
See the news - didn’t have tv’s
Who were famous actors
Clara bow
Charlie Chaplin
Buster Keaton
In what year how many cinemas were there
1928
17000 cinemas in USA
How many tickets were sold a week
Hundred million
Equivalent to present day
What was the original working hours fir a week and what did it drop to
47.4 to 44.2
Who were the three republican presidents in the 1920’s
Warren Harding 1921-23
Calvin Coolidge 23-29
Herbert Hoover 29-33
What did it encourage business men to make because f all the their policies
Profit
What are the four policies that were enforced by the republicans
Isolationism
Tarrifs
Taxes
Laissez faire
By isolationism what was the result
Countries lost money
No foreign comp
No foreign affairs
Didn’t join League of Nations
What did the taxes drop from and to
73% to 24%
What was the highest tariff and when was it enforced?
Fordney mccumber
1922
What did companies do more of
Competing between one another
What % of immigrant places were given to English and irish due to the ‘nationalities origin act’
85%
What was the emergency quota act and in what year
1921 if nationality was above 8% in America in 1910 you were accepted
When was the literacy test introduced for immigrants
1917
Where did immigrants sign in
Ellis island
How many immigrants were allaowed each year
1920
150000
What country was not accepted to be an immigrant and why also why is it ironic
Asians
Culture too different
Ironic ‘land of the free’
From where in Europe did immigration stop by 1930
Southern and Eastern Europe
How many innocent immigrants were arrested by the palmer raids
6000
What were the palmer raids
Palmer had strong views against communism and left wing organisations - he was murdered which inspired organised attacks on immigrants main,y because they brought most if the ‘radical’ views
What policy was doubted that then changed to stop immigrants
Open door policy
Give an expmle on who contributed to the red scare
Lenin - poisoned views Bolshvic
What were immigrants given
Menial jobs - child labour
Between 1859-1914 hiw many immigrants were accepted
40 million
How long did the red scare last
A year 1920-21
By the end of ww1 what happened
There were lots of different nationalities - didn’t experience ‘melting pot’
What religion was not allowed in America
Catholic and Jewish
Who were the most predominant faces in organised crime
Sacco and Vanzetti
Al Capone
When was s and v put in prison
23 august 1927 Charles town prison
How were they executed
By electrocution
Who was s and v judge who was predjudicec backed up by Jim Crow laws
Webster Thayer
How was the judge for s and v prejudiced
107 out 168 saw the, elsewhere during crimes
When were s and v arrested
1920
Who did s and v use to commit crimes
Others like Celestino madeiros
What tripe of immigrants were s and v
Italian
How long did the disproven case take
6 years
Why was the judge even more orejudice fptowards s and v
Height if red scare
They were the master minds ( s and v ) giv some examples they were behind
24/12/1919 in Bridgwater - robbery
April 1920 in south Braintree
Stole $15000 car and murdered two men
What were s and v jobs
Shoe maker and fish peddler - ordinary
When did al c arrive and where
In Chicago on the run 1918
What was al c nicknamed
Scar face - from car brawl in Coney Island
Give some quotes from al c
‘Business man ‘
‘Don’t mistake my kindness for weakness’
‘If I break the law my customers…..are as guilty as I am’
How many murdered had al c committed
500 murders between 1927-1929
What had al c made that was taken by government to ge used by president Roosevelt limo
Bullet proof Cadillac 1932
By 1929 what had al c done
Destroyed all gangs in Chicago - 300 murders
What was st valentines massacre
Destroying bugs makes ran and gang - rival
Used false police car - inspected men and shot them - caught them off guard
Killed 6 men
What was al c and what did he cause
Best known gangster Popular Loved baseball a and American football High profile Caused collapse in government and order during progubition
When and what and who was all c captured and imorosined
Elliot ness
1931
Tax income evasion
What did al c suffer
Neurosyohillus
What did al c control
Speakeasies etc Police Mayor Spy network Albi
How did dc Stephenson die and what did it cause
By conviction which inspired more klan activity - uprise in morale
Who was dc Stephenson
Most successful klan leader
Grand dragon of Indiana klans and 22 other states
Had full control of whole of Indiana state
Very influential - helped elect governors on Maine Ohio and Louisiana 1924
Made the klan membership rise to 300000
What were the membership sizes of he kkk and what was the percentage increase
1921 100,000
1923 5000000
1929 20000
5000% between 1920-1925
What did dc Stephenson call the kkkk
Invisible empire
Who made the kkk up
Poor and middle class members in the south and north of America - demonstrated and emphasised by Kathleen bee
Give someone who was a kkk leader others than dc Stephenson
Hiram Wesley Evans
With the kkk what did they do in 1926 and why
Marched down Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington DC) to demonstrate their popularity
What was the typical kkk group like
Symbol,was a burning cross Carried us flag Radical ceremonies - rituals Wore the same clothes Followed a rule book kloran Used secret codes klonversations Met at night in rural areas Membership was always changing Never recorded names
What was significant about the membership size constantly changing
So outsiders couldn’t track who was a klan member or not because it was always changing
How did the kkk grow
Immigration to city
Industrialisation
Anti-Catholicism
What did they do to particular people and who were they
Lynched,castrated, burnt, tormented, abused , assaulted, branded, whipped
Jews Catholics Black Foreigners Communists People disagreeing with their views
What are the kkk
A white supremacist Protestant group
What do the kkk state they are doing
On a moral crusade to protect americas values
What did a man do to the kkk when they tormented him
Got a cigarette and blew it in their faces
What sparked a rebirth in the kkk, when and when were they previously existing
1915 rebirth from a film supporting their views
Previously joined in 1861-1865
What did the kkk have control over
Politicians
Where did they influence the most
Small towns and rural cities
What did they do with influential people
Get them to have senators as presidents and to influence their views - also destroy other campaigning nominee presidents so the people in charge favour the kkk e.g. Al smith who was catholic
When was the kkk at its height of performance and popularity
1930 - broken on national stage
When did women get the right to vote
1920
At the end of ww1 what happened to women when men went to fight
Given opportunities to have jobs - replace the men because they were fighting
In what year how many women had jobs and what percentage increase was this
1928 10,000,000 had jobs
24% more than in 1920
What was the typical image for women who were young and middle class
Flapper
What happened to women who were the elder generation
Looked down on the young
What was more popular fir women the flapper or traditional
Traditional
Who was given a main role in the talkie film and in what year
Gloria Swanson
1929 the trespasser
Why did the prohibition fail
Not enough agents 1,500 in 1920 - low salaries
Size of boundaries to prevent alcohol coming into country
No one supported the law - contradicts americas history of supporting the law
In terms of speakeasies and saloons what was the year there were more speakeasies than saloons in 1919 before the ban
1925
Who transported alcohol
Bootleggers
What were the supporters of the prohibition called
Dries
Anti saloon league
Where was a common place alcohol came from
Canada
What was the prohibition called
Volstead act 18th amendment
1920 January
Which state never introduced the prohibition
Maryland
How many tears did it take for the law for the prohibition to come into place
4
When was the prohibition ratified
1933
Why did they ratify the prohibition
Provided jobs
Raise tax
Free sources
Give an alcohol that was dangerous
Soda pop moon - poisonous alcohol
Some were 100% alcohol
What did speakeasies and home distilleries create
Moonshine
How many illegal distilleries were captured in 1925
12.023
Who ratified the prohibition
Roosevelt - 1 year of being president
How many arerrest were made over illegal alcohol and who by
Einstein and smith
4,932
Who were bribed to drink
Officials / police
Why was the prohibition introduced
National mood a- damaged society
Practical - boosts supplies of grains - barley
Moral - wrong when fighting
Religious - sin against gods will
Why was it morally wrong to drink
Everyone having a good time whilst ww1 in act - people dying and fighting
Breweries were run by German immigrants - seen as the enemy
In patriotic
How much money did the sale of alcohol earn
$2 billion
What did the prohibition increase
The rate of organised crime - want. To be the best / most successful illegal alcohol seller - earn the most
What was the orohibition often called
Noble experiment
How many gangland murders were there and who were the most iconic faces in crime over alcohol
130 - no arrests
Al Capone and bugs Moran
What was a famous whisky at the time
Captain mc coy Scottish whisky
Real mc coy
How many children smothered by drunk parents
300
How much was the illegal business worth
$2000 million
Who common,y made up the anti saloon club
The elderly
Devout christians
What law affected African Americans
Jim Crow law
What did the Jim Crow law emphasise
2 nd class citizens
Crow - animal like - scavenger behaviour
What was the so called equality
Names they called one another - mr Mrs miss sir
First names or boy girl
Who enforced segregation
Supreme Court
What occurred in speakeasies where people realised they are similar and share the same interests
Harlem renaissance
Give some people who were black celebs
Jesse Owen (sprinter) Josephine baker (dancer) Lois Armstrong (singer)
Why was the Jim Crow law introduced
During the please v Ferguson case 1896
What was a popular fashion
Keeping up with the tonesses
What was the typical thing everyone wanted - rags to riches
American dream
How big were some loans
$8.5 billion
When did the bank lend money to people
1926-29
What is the cycle of prosperity
Demand for products
Increase in jobs
Excess money to spend on consumer goods
What were the causes of the boom
Ww1 Republican policies Industrial strength Henry Ford Consumer goods and stocks and shares Tariffs
