Paper 1 Section B

Question 1

What is Direct Intention and a case to illustrate it?

Answer 1

A decision to bring about the criminal consequence whether desired or not.

Mohan (1976)

Question 2

What is Oblique Intention?

Answer 2

Virtual certainty test. D knows it would be a natural and probable consequence.

Question 3

What is Recklessness with a case to illustrate it?

Answer 3

Reckless as to whether such harm should occur, no i’ll-will necessary.

Cunningham - D tore a gas meter of the wall to steal the money in it if then leaked into neighbouring property. Not guilty

Question 4

Cases to illustrate MR?

Answer 4

Nedrick (1985) - D poured paraffin through V’s letter box and set it alight. Child died. How probable was the consequence?

Woolin (1998) - D threw 3 month old baby at wall and it later died. Jury entitled to find intention.

Question 5

What is Factual Causation?

Answer 5

But For Test - D can only be guilty if the consequence would not have occurred but for their actions.

White (1910) - Cyanide

Paggett (1983) - Police shoot out