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Gcse Geography OCR(A) > Paper 1 Section 2 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Section 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the UK’s biggest airport

A

Heathrow airport

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2
Q

Name the UK’s biggest seaport

A

Dover

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3
Q

What is meant by an import or export?

A

Import is buying or bringing products INTO the country.
Export is selling products OUT of the country. EXIT

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4
Q

What are the UK’s principal (main) imports?

A

FUEL – 61.2% of the UKs fuel is imported. (Also food, clothes, cars and electronics)

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5
Q

What are the UK’s principal (main) exports?

A

Vehicles, machinery, services e.g financial services

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6
Q

Who are the UK’s main trading partners?

A

Germany, USA, China

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7
Q

The UK has a trade deficit – what does this mean?

A

When there are more imports than exports. (Buy more than sell in terms of the value of goods)

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8
Q

Give two examples of primary sector jobs.

A

Mining and Farming

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9
Q

What is the quaternary sector? (employment)

A

Industries that provide information services and use computing, ICT and research and development.

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10
Q

Which sector (P,S,T or Q) do most people work in in the UK and why?

A

Tertiary – because the tertiary industry involves jobs that provide a service – primary and secondary jobs are now done mostly in LIDCs. The quaternary sector Is growing fast.

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11
Q

What is meant by the north-south divide in the UK? Give three examples.

A

The idea that the south is richer than the north. Examples: education, average salary, house prices.

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12
Q

Describe the variation in access to broadband across the UK. What are the impacts of this?

A

The south of the UK has better broadband access (faster speed? Better coverage) – this means the north gets left behind e.g lack of investment from companies relocating.

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13
Q

Which types of industries have largely closed down in the UK in the last 50 years?

A

Mining closures, ship building, car manufacture, large amounts of textiles manufacturing.

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14
Q

Give one reason for the differences in educational results across the UK.

A

Investment in education is higher in the south, access to the internet, money for tutoring, academic expectations.

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15
Q

There are four main causes of uneven development in the UK:
• Geographical location
• Economic change
• Infrastructure
• Government policy

A

There are four main causes of uneven development in the UK:
• Geographical location
• Economic change
• Infrastructure
• Government policy

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16
Q

There are four main causes of uneven development in the UK:
• Geographical location

A

South = closer to Europe and has the capital London. Is flatter, less windy/ wet and has a warmer climate.

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17
Q

There are four main causes of uneven development in the UK:
• Economic change

A

Primary and secondary&raquo_space;> tertiary and quaternary shift. Places in the north have seen more closures due to e.g dock yards closing.

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18
Q

There are four main causes of uneven development in the UK:
• Infrastructure

A

More infrastructure in the south due the investment where more people are. (e.g HS2, Crosslinks)

19
Q

There are four main causes of uneven development in the UK:
•Government policy

A

HS2 – promised investment in the North but not delivered (followed through)

20
Q

What is meant by population structure?

A

The percentage of people of different agesand genders within a population.

21
Q

How has the UK’s population structure changed since 1900?

A

1900 = 42 million people, high BR. 1920s onwards = young population baby booms after wars. 1950s = baby boomers living longer. 1990-today = 66 million in total but a low BR and higher percentage of elderly people.

22
Q

What does DTM stand for? How many stages does it have?

A

Demographic transition model – 5 stages

23
Q

What happens in stage 2 of the DTM?

A

Birth rate = stays high (fluctuating) (around 40/1000/year.
Death rate = rapid decrease (due to better healthcare)
Population = increases rapidly as the BR> DR

24
Q

Which stage of the DTM are most ACs in?

A

Stage 4 (some e.g Japan) moving to stage 5.

25
Q

What happens in stage 5 of the DTM?

A

Birth rate = decreases
Death rate = starts to increase slowly due to elderly population.
Population = decreases

26
Q

What is meant by the economically active population?

A

The number of people working and paying taxes. (Usually taken as 16-65)

27
Q

Why is the UK’s population ageing? (causes)

A

Better healthcare (vaccinations, medical treatment etc.)
Greater awareness of having a good diet and lifestyle.
The generation of baby booms are now in old age.

28
Q

What are the effects on the UK of having an ageing population?

A

Services are under pressure – less people paying tax.
Healthcare, care homes etc. Fewer workers so taxes rising

29
Q

What are the advantages of having an ageing population?

A

Free childcare for working age people due to family members living longer. Wisdom and experience, lower crime rate, volunteers in community.

30
Q

What are the UK’s responses to its ageing population?

A

Increase the amount of tax payable per person.
Increase the retirement age to reduce pension costs
Reduce benefits for older people.

31
Q

What is meant by immigration / emigration?

A

I = INTO the country (Immigration)
E = EXIT the country (Emigration)

32
Q

Where have migrants to the UK come from since the start of the 20th century?

A

After WW2 migrants from India, Pakistan, Carribean.
After the Eastern European countries joined the EU (2008) they migrated to the UK for economic reasons. (Poland and Romania)
Last 10 years: War torn countries like Syria and Afghanistan.

33
Q

What are the economic impacts on the UK of immigration?

A

Job gaps can be filled e.g. low skilled jobs or healthcare jobs. (skills gap)
Extra cost of healthcare and education and housing
Money is sent home (lost to the UK economy)

34
Q

What are the social impacts on the UK of immigration?

A

More diverse languages, food, music, cultures, religions etc. Housing shortages (over population) pressure on services

35
Q
  1. What is meant by the following urban trends terms and what causes them?
A

• UrbanisationMoving from a RURAL area to an URBAN area (the growth of towns and cities)
• Suburbanisation Moving out from the city centre to places further away but still in the city
• Counterurbanisation Moving from an URBAN area to a RURAL area but close to the city for work / leisure e.g development of surrounding villages.
• Reurbanisation.Moving back into the city after it’s been redeveloped. E.g when old inner city industrial areas have been redeveloped or gentrified. (done up)

36
Q

What is meant by the following urban trends terms and what causes them? •Suburbanisation

A

• Suburbanisation Moving out from the city centre to places further away but still in the city

37
Q

What is meant by the following urban trends terms and what causes them? Counterurbanisation

A

Moving from an URBAN area to a RURAL area but close to the city for work / leisure e.g development of surrounding villages.

38
Q

What is meant by the following urban trends terms and what causes them? Reurbanisation

A

.Moving back into the city after it’s been redeveloped. E.g when old inner city industrial areas have been redeveloped or gentrified. (done up)

39
Q
  1. What are the social, economic and environmental consequences of . . .

• Suburbanisation• Counterurbanisation •Reurbanisation

A

• Suburbanisation – more space, bigger houses, less air pollution, better quality of life, gardens.
• Counterurbanisation – building on green land around the city – loss of woodland, hedgerows, habitat, increase in house prices, more traffic in rural areas (air pollution)
• Reurbanisation – improved quality of environment in inner city areas – more green spaces, improved air quality

40
Q

Sketch the DTM to include the birth rate and death rate.

A

https://www.google.com/imgres?q=DTM%20to%20include%20the%20birth%20rate%20and%20death%20rate.&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgeographyfieldwork.com%2Fimages%2FDemographicTransitionModel.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgeographyfieldwork.com%2FDemographicTransition.htm&docid=G-b_k28-7cVnjM&tbnid=kSejpLEfFVeXyM&vet=12ahUKEwjZ4ZHr4aCGAxUYVUEAHb7zBFAQM3oECBsQAA..i&w=500&h=389&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjZ4ZHr4aCGAxUYVUEAHb7zBFAQM3oECBsQAA

41
Q

Salford Quays case study. What do the following figures represent?

A

• 1982 (docks closed) AVFC🩵💜🦁. 9 (every 9 mins LRT)
• 10 000 (new jobs created)
• 8000 (new apartments)

42
Q

Name some buildings in the redeveloped Salford Quays.

A

Imperial war museum, Lowry Outlet, Lowry museum, Media City, Lime restaurant

43
Q

What are the 5 “keys” from the case study?

A

Home (accommodation), car (transport), Office (jobs), Gym locker (leisure) and boat (!) water quality.

Gcse Geography OCR(A) (6 decks)

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