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physics flashcards > Paper 1 - RPAs > Flashcards

Paper 1 - RPAs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of specific heat?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Specific heat is a property that varies between different materials.

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2
Q

What is conduction?

A

The process by which thermal energy is transmitted through a substance.

This occurs without any movement of the substance as a whole.

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3
Q

What is the first step in measuring specific heat?

A

Measure the starting temperature of the block using a thermometer.

Accurate initial temperature measurement is crucial for specific heat calculations.

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4
Q

What should be done after measuring the starting temperature of the block?

A

Put a heater in the larger hole in the block, connect an ammeter to the power supply and heater in series.

This setup is necessary to ensure that the power is delivered correctly.

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5
Q

How do you connect the voltmeter in the experiment?

A

Connect the voltmeter in parallel across the heater.

This allows for accurate voltage measurement across the heater.

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6
Q

What is the formula for calculating power in this experiment?

A

Power = Current × Voltage.

This relationship is fundamental in electrical circuits.

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7
Q

What should be recorded while heating the block?

A

Record the temperature increase using a stopwatch for a specific duration.

Timing is essential to correlate energy transfer with temperature change.

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8
Q

What is the next step after recording the temperature increase?

A

Calculate the energy transferred using the formula: Energy = Power × Time.

This calculation gives the total energy supplied to the block.

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9
Q

What is the equation used to calculate specific heat?

A

Specific Heat = Energy transferred / (Mass × Temperature change).

This equation relates the energy absorbed by the substance to its mass and temperature change.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance.

A

specific heat.

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11
Q

True or False: Specific heat is the same for all materials.

A

False.

Different materials have different specific heat capacities.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of placing a thermometer in a material container?

A

To measure the temperature accurately

This helps in assessing the thermal energy and heat transfer within the material.

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13
Q

What does conduction refer to?

A

The process by which thermal energy is transmitted through a substance

This occurs via the vibrations of particles within the material.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is the transfer of heat through direct contact.

A

Conduction

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15
Q

What is the effect of thickness and type of material on thermal energy transfer?

A

It affects the rate of heat transfer

Different materials and their thicknesses can either hinder or facilitate heat conduction.

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16
Q

What is meant by thermal energy loss to the surroundings?

A

The loss of heat energy from a system to its environment

This can be minimized by using insulating materials.

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17
Q

True or False: Convection occurs in solids.

A

False

Convection refers to heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases).

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18
Q

What is the role of convection currents in heat transfer?

A

They facilitate the movement of heat within fluids

This process helps distribute thermal energy throughout the fluid.

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19
Q

What does measuring temperature help to determine?

A

The thermal state of a material

Understanding temperature is crucial for calculating energy transfer and efficiency.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The volume of water affects __________.

A

Heat capacity

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21
Q

What is the relationship between thermal conductivity and material type?

A

Different materials have different thermal conductivities

This property determines how well a material can conduct heat.

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22
Q

What is resistance?

A

The opposition to the flow of electric current

Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω) and affects how much current flows in a circuit.

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23
Q

What is the significance of connecting a voltmeter in a circuit?

A

To measure the potential difference across a component

The voltmeter should be connected in parallel with the component to accurately measure voltage.

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24
Q

What is the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in a circuit?

A

V = I × R

This relationship is defined by Ohm’s Law.

25
Q

What equipment is used to measure current in a circuit?

A

An ammeter

An ammeter is connected in series with the circuit to measure the flow of current.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The unit of resistance is _______.

A

ohms (Ω)

Resistance quantifies how much a material opposes the flow of electric current.

27
Q

True or False: Increasing the length of a wire decreases its resistance.

A

False

Longer wires typically have greater resistance due to the increased distance the electrons must travel.

28
Q

How does the thickness of a wire affect its resistance?

A

Thicker wires have lower resistance

A larger cross-sectional area allows more current to flow with less opposition.

29
Q

What happens to resistance when the temperature of a conductor increases?

A

Resistance increases

As temperature rises, the atoms in the conductor vibrate more, impeding the flow of electrons.

30
Q

What is the formula to calculate resistance using resistivity?

A

R = ρ × (L/A)

Where R is resistance, ρ is resistivity, L is length, and A is the cross-sectional area.

31
Q

What is the purpose of crocodile clips in an experiment?

A

To connect wires and components easily

Crocodile clips provide a secure and temporary connection for electrical experiments.

32
Q

What is the effect of increasing wire length on its resistance?

A

Resistance increases

Longer wires provide more material for the electrons to collide with, increasing resistance.

33
Q

What is the purpose of a resistor in an electrical circuit?

A

To measure how hard or current to flow.

Resistors control the flow of electric current in a circuit.

34
Q

What type of circuit is used to measure total resistance?

A

Series circuit.

A series circuit connects components end-to-end, allowing current to flow through each component sequentially.

35
Q

How do you measure current in a circuit?

A

Use the ammeter connected in series.

An ammeter must be placed in series to measure the current flowing through the circuit.

36
Q

What is the method to measure potential difference in a circuit?

A

Use the voltmeter connected in parallel.

A voltmeter measures the voltage across two points in a circuit and is connected in parallel.

37
Q

What formula is used to calculate power in an electrical circuit?

A

P = V / R.

This formula relates power (P), voltage (V), and resistance (R).

38
Q

What is the total resistance in a series circuit?

A

The sum of individual resistances.

In a series circuit, the total resistance is calculated by adding all resistances together.

39
Q

How do you set up resistors to measure total resistance in parallel?

A

Connect resistors in parallel and repeat measurement steps.

In parallel, the total resistance is calculated differently than in series.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ is an electrical component that resists the flow of current.

A

resistor

Resistors are used in circuits to control current and voltage levels.

41
Q

True or False: A voltmeter is used to measure current in a circuit.

A

False.

A voltmeter measures voltage, while an ammeter measures current.

42
Q

What is the purpose of a resistor in an electrical circuit?

A

To measure how hard or current to flow.

Resistors control the flow of electric current in a circuit.

43
Q

What type of circuit is used to measure total resistance?

A

Series circuit.

A series circuit connects components end-to-end, allowing current to flow through each component sequentially.

44
Q

How do you measure current in a circuit?

A

Use the ammeter connected in series.

An ammeter must be placed in series to measure the current flowing through the circuit.

45
Q

What is the method to measure potential difference in a circuit?

A

Use the voltmeter connected in parallel.

A voltmeter measures the voltage across two points in a circuit and is connected in parallel.

46
Q

What formula is used to calculate power in an electrical circuit?

A

P = V / R.

This formula relates power (P), voltage (V), and resistance (R).

47
Q

What is the total resistance in a series circuit?

A

The sum of individual resistances.

In a series circuit, the total resistance is calculated by adding all resistances together.

48
Q

How do you set up resistors to measure total resistance in parallel?

A

Connect resistors in parallel and repeat measurement steps.

In parallel, the total resistance is calculated differently than in series.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ is an electrical component that resists the flow of current.

A

resistor

Resistors are used in circuits to control current and voltage levels.

50
Q

True or False: A voltmeter is used to measure current in a circuit.

A

False.

A voltmeter measures voltage, while an ammeter measures current.

51
Q

What law states that current is directly proportional to the potential difference across a component?

A

Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law is fundamental in understanding the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.

52
Q

What is the first step in measuring current in a circuit?

A

Use an ammeter

An ammeter is a device used to measure the current flowing through a circuit.

53
Q

What device is used to measure the potential difference across a component?

A

Voltmeter

A voltmeter measures the voltage, or potential difference, between two points in an electrical circuit.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: The graph of current versus potential difference is a _______ line.

A

straight

A straight line indicates a linear relationship, which is characteristic of Ohm’s Law.

55
Q

What happens to the resistance when the variable resistor is adjusted?

A

Resistance changes

Adjusting a variable resistor alters the resistance in the circuit, affecting current flow.

56
Q

What is the purpose of swapping connections on the power supply?

A

Reverse the polarity

Reversing polarity can help understand the behavior of components under different voltage conditions.

57
Q

What should be done to obtain values for current and potential difference?

A

Repeat measurements

Repeating measurements ensures accuracy and reliability in data collection.

58
Q

True or False: The current through a resistor will remain the same regardless of the potential difference applied.

A

False

According to Ohm’s Law, current varies with changes in potential difference.

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