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history > paper 1 - rise of fascism (germany) > Flashcards

paper 1 - rise of fascism (germany) Flashcards

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1
Q

stab in the back theory

A
  • belief that germany could have won the war
  • socialist politicians had stabbed the army in the back
  • also an anti-semitic conspiracy theory
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2
Q

posen

A

territory taken from germany and given to poland in the treaty of versailles

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3
Q

rhineland

A

region between germany and france demilitarised by treaty of versailles

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4
Q

gross deutschland

A

idea of bringing german-speaking people into one country by uniting germany and austria

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5
Q

lebensraum

A

hitler’s expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire “living space” for the german people

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6
Q

mein kampf

A
  • 1923-1924
  • “my struggle” book written by hitler during his imprisonment
  • put forward his beliefs and goals for germany
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7
Q

weimar crisis

A

period of unrest with political assassinations and weak governments

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8
Q

beer hall putsch

A
  • 1923
  • coup d’etat inspired by mussolini’s march on rome
  • failed because hitler was captured and imprisoned
  • success because it showed the weakness of the government and put the nazi party into public consciousness
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9
Q

dawes plan

A
  • plan to revive the german economy
  • US loans germany money, can pay reparations to england and france, who can then pay back their loans
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9
Q

locarno treaties

A

series of treaties that settled germany’s disputed borders with france, belgium, czechoslovakia, and poland

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9
Q

rapallo treaty

A
  • 1922
  • germany gave the USSR equipment, USSR let germany train with forbidden weapons on its soil
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10
Q

reichstag fire

A
  • 1933
  • reichstag was set on fire by a secret order of josef goebbels
  • said to be a communist plot
  • hitler convinced president hindenburg to suspend all civil rights for communists, socialists, liberals
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10
Q

november criminals

A

term used by the likes of hitler to identify those associated with signing the treaty of versailles

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11
Q

enabling act

A
  • 1933
  • allowed hitler to pass laws without reference to parliament
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12
Q

SA “brown shirts”

A

paramilitary organisation whose methods of violent intimidation played a key role in hitler’s rise to power

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13
Q

SS (schutzstaffel)

A

elite military unit that served as hitler’s special police force

14
Q

death of hindenburg

A
  • august 1934
  • death of german president
  • hitler became both president and chancellor: total dictator of germany
14
Q

night of the long knives

A
  • june 30, 1934
  • hitler feared that the SA became too powerful, so he ordered his SS guards to murder the organisation’s leaders
15
Q

dolfuss

A
  • died in 1934
  • austrian chancellor murdered during an austrian nazi attempt to take over the government
16
Q

rhineland remilitarisation

A
  • 7 march 1936
  • german military forces entered rhineland
17
Q

weimar republic

A

german republic founded after WWI

18
Q

treaty of versailles

A

treaty known for its harsh reparations towards the germans after WW1

19
Q

anschluss

A
  • 1938
  • union of austria with germany
20
Q

munich conference

A
  • 1938
  • conference where european leaders attempted to please hitler by giving him sudetenland
  • in return germany would have to promise not to make any more territorial expansions
21
Q

anglo-german naval agreement

A
  • 1935
  • established ratios for british and german navies
  • implied germany was allowed to re-arm
22
Q

hossbach memorandum

A
  • 1937
  • summary of a meeting between hitler, his military, and foreign policy leadership
  • future expansionist policies were outlined
23
Q

nazi-soviet pact

A
  • 1939
  • agreement where germany and the soviet union promised not to fight each other and to divide up land in eastern europe
24
Q

ruhr crisis

A
  • 1922
  • invasion of the ruhr by france and belgium to collect reparations from germany
25
Q

gestapo

A

nazi secret police

26
Q

hermann goering

A
  • nazi german politician
  • founded the gestapo and mobilised germany for war
27
Q

rudolf hess

A

deputy fuhrer (leader)

28
Q

saar plebiscite

A
  • 1935
  • plebiscite for people to vote on whether they wanted to return to germany
  • around 90% voted to return to germany, huge success for hitler
29
Q

heinrich himmler

A
  • chief of the SS and gestapo
  • oversaw the genocide of six million jews
30
Q

joseph goebbels

A

chief minister of nazi propaganda, and organiser of kristallnacht

history (4 decks)

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