paper 1 - rise of fascism (germany)

Question 1

stab in the back theory

Answer 1

• belief that germany could have won the war
• socialist politicians had stabbed the army in the back
• also an anti-semitic conspiracy theory

Question 2

gross deutschland

Answer 2

idea of bringing german-speaking people into one country by uniting germany and austria

Question 3

lebensraum

Answer 3

hitler’s expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire “living space” for the german people

Question 4

mein kampf

Answer 4

• 1923-1924
• “my struggle” book written by hitler during his imprisonment
• put forward his beliefs and goals for germany

Question 5

weimar crisis

Answer 5

period of unrest with political assassinations and weak governments

Question 6

beer hall putsch

Answer 6

• 1923
• coup d’etat inspired by mussolini’s march on rome
• failed because hitler was captured and imprisoned
• success because it showed the weakness of the government and put the nazi party into public consciousness

Question 7

locarno treaties

Answer 7

series of treaties that settled germany’s disputed borders with france, belgium, czechoslovakia, and poland

Question 7

reichstag fire

Answer 7

• 1933
• reichstag was set on fire by a secret order of josef goebbels
• said to be a communist plot
• hitler convinced president hindenburg to suspend all civil rights for communists, socialists, liberals

Question 7

november criminals

Answer 7

term used by the likes of hitler to identify those associated with signing the treaty of versailles

Question 7

SS (schutzstaffel)

Answer 7

elite military unit that served as hitler’s special police force

Question 8

night of the long knives

Answer 8

• june 30, 1934
• hitler feared that the SA became too powerful, so he ordered his SS guards to murder the organisation’s leaders

Question 8

dolfuss

Answer 8

• died in 1934
• austrian chancellor murdered during an austrian nazi attempt to take over the government

Question 9

rhineland remilitarisation

Answer 9

• 7 march 1936
• german military forces entered rhineland

Question 10

weimar republic

Answer 10

german republic founded after WWI

Question 11

anschluss

Answer 11

• 1938
• union of austria with germany

Question 12

munich conference

Answer 12

• 1938
• conference where european leaders attempted to please hitler by giving him sudetenland
• in return germany would have to promise not to make any more territorial expansions

Question 13

anglo-german naval agreement

Answer 13

• 1935
• established ratios for british and german navies
• implied germany was allowed to re-arm

Question 14

hossbach memorandum

Answer 14

• 1937
• summary of a meeting between hitler, his military, and foreign policy leadership
• future expansionist policies were outlined

Question 15

gestapo

Answer 15

nazi secret police

Question 16

saar plebiscite

Answer 16

• 1935
• plebiscite for people to vote on whether they wanted to return to germany
• around 90% voted to return to germany, huge success for hitler

Question 17

joseph goebbels

Answer 17

chief minister of nazi propaganda, and organiser of kristallnacht