paper 1 - japanese expansionism

Question 1

anti-comintern pact

Answer 1

• 1936
• japan signed this with germany and was later ratified by italy
• it was in opposition to communism but actually proved to be the foundation for diplomatic alliance between these three powers

Question 2

tripartite pact

Answer 2

1940 alliance between japan, germany, and italy

Question 3

mukden incident

Answer 3

• japanese blew up their own railroad in manchuria; blamed it on china
• excuse to go to war with china

Question 4

rape of nanjing

Answer 4

brutal japanese attack on chinese capital 1937-1938

Question 5

marco polo bridge incident

Answer 5

• 1937
• clash between japanese and chinese troops in the outskirts of beijing
• the japanese government used this as an excuse to occupy beijing
• when chiang kai shek refused to give way, full-scale war broke out between china and japan

Question 6

first sino-japanese war

Answer 6

conflict between china and japan from 1894-1895 over control of korea

Question 7

second sino-japanese war

Answer 7

series of incidents between china and japan in the summer of 1937, most were open warfare

Question 8

attack on pearl harbour

Answer 8

december 7, 1941

Question 9

lytton report

Answer 9

• 1932
• evaluating fault of mukden incident
• blames japan for aggression causing japan to leave the league of nations

Question 10

russo-japanese war

Answer 10

(1904-1905) conflict between russia and japan over imperial possessions (korea) –> japan emerges victorious

Question 11

21 demands

Answer 11

• 1915 - during WW1
• list of demands that sought to make china a japanese protectorate

Question 12

east asian co-prosperity sphere

Answer 12

imperial japan’s propaganda advocating asia’s release from european colonialists and creation of a new economy for asians

Question 13

treaty of tanggu

Answer 13

1933 treaty signed by chiang acceding to japanese control of manchuria

Question 14

manchukuo

Answer 14

japanese puppet state established in manchuria in 1931

Question 15

washington naval conference

Answer 15

• 1921
• britain, france, italy, japan & US agree to limit size of navy
• unequal treaties: japan can only have 60% of what the US and UK could have

Question 16

stimson doctrine

Answer 16

• 1932
• hoover’s secretary of state said the US would not recognise territorial changes resulting from japan’s invasion of manchuria