paper 1 living world ecosystems

Question 1

2 producers in epping forest

Answer 1

• nectar
• dead leaf

Question 2

2 primary consumers in Epping forest

Answer 2

fly
earthworm

Question 3

2 secondary consumers in epping forest

Answer 3

spider, blackbird

Question 4

1 tertiary consumer in epping forest

Answer 4

wren

Question 5

2 apex predators in Epping forest

Answer 5

hawk
fox

Question 6

how are nutrients transferred in an ecosystem

Answer 6

• plants get their nutrients from minerals in the soil via their roots
• the animals then eat the plants, getting the nutrients from them
• when the animals and plants die, they decompose and their nutrients are transferred into litter
• this litter decomposes and their nutrients are transferred into the soil

Question 7

what other factors cause nutrients to be gained or lost throughout the cycle

Answer 7

• lost by leaching
  -gained by rainwater
• lost by failure to convert all food to energy
• lost by respiration

Question 8

role of producers in an ecosystem

Answer 8

to provide a source of energy for the primary consumers and produce oxygen by photosynthesis

Question 9

role of decomposers

Answer 9

to break down dead organic material

Question 10

temperate deciduous forests

Answer 10

• lose their leaves in winter
• found mostly in mid latitudes where rainfall occurs all year
• four seasons with mild winters and warm summers

Question 11

temperate grasslands

Answer 11

• between 40 and 60 degrees n/s equator
• hot summers and cold winters
• nutrient rich soils that are well suited for growing crops

Question 12

tropical rainforests

Answer 12

• near equator
• hot and wet weather all year round
• high levels of rain due to concentrated sunlight heating the moist air

Question 13

tropical grasslands

Answer 13

• found between the tropics
• 2 seasons: dry and wet, but rainfall is low
• high levels of evaporation

Question 14

coniferous forests

Answer 14

• found between 50 and 60 degrees north of equator
• short summers with long and cold winter
• lots of precipitation
• evergreen trees

Question 15

mediterranean

Answer 15

• between 30- and 45 degrees north and south of equator
• 2 seasons: hot dry summers and mild, wet winters

Question 16

tundra

Answer 16

• high latitudes where rainfall is low
• short summers long, cold winters
• ground is generally frozen

Question 17

deserts

Answer 17

found betweeen 15 and 35 degrees north and south of equator

hot days and cold nights

very low rainfall