Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sports Studies > Paper 1: Fitness and Body Systems > Flashcards

Paper 1: Fitness and Body Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System?

A

Protection
Muscle attachment
Movement
Blood cell production#
Mineral storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 Classifications of Bones?

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Pivot Joint?

A

Found at the top of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Hinge Joint?

A

Found at the elbow and knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Ball and Socket Joint?

A

Found at the shoulder and hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Condyloid Joint?

A

Found at the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Flexion?

A

The angle at the joint is decreased, flexion can be seen as bending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Extension?

A

The angle at the joint increases, it is as straightening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Abduction?

A

When a limb is moved away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Adduction?

A

When a limb is moved towards the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Rotation?

A

When a limb moves in a circular motion around a fixed joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Circumduction?

A

Where a limb moves in a circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Plantar Flexion?

A

When toes are pointed away from the shin at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Dorsiflexion?

A

When toes are raised towards the shin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Ligaments?

A

Connect bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Tendons?

A

Attach muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 Types of Muscle?

A

Cardiac
Voluntary
Involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Vascular Shunting?

A

A process where the redistribution of blood occurs and blood flow increases to active areas from inactive areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Vasodilation?

A

The widening of the lumen to increase blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Vasoconstriction?

A

The narrowing of the lumen to decrease blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an Antagonistic Pair?

A

A pair of muscles that work together to produce movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an Agonist?

A

The muscle within the pair that is working, contracting and shortening to pull the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an Antagonist?

A

The muscle within the pair that is relaxing and shortening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Type 1 Muscle Fibres?

A

Known as slow twitch fibres and are suited for low intensity exercise such as a marathon as they can be used for a long time without fatiguing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are Type 11x Muscle Fibres?

A

Known as fast twitch fibres, they are used for anaerobic work and can generate a greater force than other fibre types but they fatigue quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are Type 11a Muscle Fibres?

A

Known as fast twitch fibres, they are suited to lengthy anaerobic work such as an 800m race and can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 4 Functions of the CV System?

A

Transport, clotting, temperature regulation, protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are Arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to muscles and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are Veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from muscles and organs to the heart and they contain valves to prevent backflow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are Capillaries?

A

Blood vessels that wrap around muscles and organs so that gaseous exchange can take place and are one cell thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are Components of Blood?

A

RBC
WBC
Plasma
Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is Gaseous Exchange?

A

Oxygen moves from air in the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is Aerobic Exercise?

A

glucose + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is Anaerobic Exercise?

A

glucose = energy + lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is Lactic Acid?

A

It is a byproduct of anaerobic exercise which leads to muscle fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is Heart Rate?

A

The number of beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is Frequency in the Respiratory System?

A

The number of breaths taken per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is Minute Ventilation?

A

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

The maximum amount of exhaled air following a maximum inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a Lever?

A

A rigid bar or object that moves around a fixed fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a Fulcrum?

A

A fixed pivot point, a joint in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is Effort?

A

The source of energy, the muscle in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is a Load?

A

The weight/resistance to be moved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the Load Arm?

A

The distance from the load to the fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the Effort Arm?

A

The distance from the effort to the fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is Mechanical Advantage?

A

When a lever’s effort arm is longer than its load arm. The load can be moved with a relatively small amount of effort (2nd class lever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is Mechanical Disadvantage?

A

When a levers load arm is longer than its effort arm. It has low load force to effort ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is a Plane?

A

An imaginary line dividing the body in two

51
Q

What is an Axis?

A

An imaginary line around which a body part or body can turn

52
Q

What is a Frontal Plane?

A

Dividing the body vertically from front to back

53
Q

What is a Sagittal Plane?

A

Dividing the body vertically from side to side

54
Q

What is a Transverse Plane?

A

Dividing the body horizontally from top to bottom

55
Q

What is a Frontal Axis?

A

Passing through the body from left to right allowing flexion and extension

56
Q

What is a Sagittal Axis?

A

Passing through the body from front to back allowing abduction and adduction

57
Q

What is a Vertical Axis?

A

Passing vertically through the body allowing rotation

58
Q

What is Health?

A

A state of complete physical, social and emotional well being and not merely in the absence of disease or infirmity

59
Q

What is Fitness?

A

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

60
Q

What is Exercise?

A

A form of physical activity done to maintain and improve health

61
Q

What is Peformance?

A

The action of performing a task

62
Q

What are the Components of Fitness (Health Related)?

A

Cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, flexibility, muscular strength, body composition

63
Q

What are the Components of Fitness (Skill Related)?

A

Agility, balance, coordination, power, speed, reaction time

64
Q

What is Cardiovascular Fitness?

A

The ability of your whole body to exercise for long periods of time without fatiguing

65
Q

What is the 12 Minute Cooper Run?

A

Test for CV fitness

66
Q

What is the Harvard Step Test?

A

Test for CV fitness

67
Q

What is Muscular Strength?

A

The amount of force a muscle can exert and overcome a resistance

68
Q

What is a Test for Muscular Strength?

A

Handgrip dynometer

69
Q

What is Muscular Endurance?

A

The ability for particular muscle groups to work for long periods of time without fatiguing

70
Q

What is a Test for Muscular Endurance?

A

One minute sit up or press up test

71
Q

What is Flexibility?

A

A range of movement around a joint

72
Q

What is a Test for Flexibility?

A

Sit and reach test

73
Q

What is Body Composition?

A

% of fat, muscle and bone to make up your body weight

74
Q

What is Agility?

A

The ability to change direction at speed with control

75
Q

What is a Test for Agility?

A

Illinois run

76
Q

What is Balance?

A

Maintaining the centre of mass over the base of support

77
Q

What is a Test for Balance?

A

Standing stork test

78
Q

What is Speed?

A

The rate at which the the body or part of the body can perform a movement

79
Q

What is a Test for Speed?

A

30m sprint

80
Q

What is Coordination?

A

The ability to move two or more body parts at once accurately and smoothly

81
Q

What is a Test for Coordination?

A

Alternate hand tennis ball catch

82
Q

What is Reaction Time?

A

The amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus

83
Q

What is a Test for Reaction Time?

A

Ruler drop test

84
Q

What is Power?

A

The ability to combine strength with speed to perform a strong muscular contraction quickly

85
Q

What is a Test for Power?

A

Vertical jump test
Standing broad jump

86
Q

What does FITT stand for?

A

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type

87
Q

What are Individual Needs?

A

A training programme should be designed to meet the needs of an individual (age, gender, current fitness levels, general health)

88
Q

What is Specificity?

A

Training should be matched/related to the requirements of the activity (appropriate muscle groups/components of fitness/methods of training)

89
Q

What is Progressive Overload?

A

Gradually increasing the intensity of training through FITT to make the body work harder than it is used to for improvements to occur

90
Q

What are Training Thresholds?

A

Effective way to measure intensity, through the karvonen formula
Aerobic target zone = 60% - 80%
Anaerobic target zone = 80% - 90%

91
Q

What is the Maximum Heart Rate Calculation?

A

220 - age

92
Q

What is Overtraining?

A

Occurs when training is too hard and there is not enough time for the body to recover

93
Q

What is Reversibility?

A

Any adaptions made as a result of training will be reversed if training stops

94
Q

What is Continuous Training?

A

Training at a low intensity for 20 minutes - without rest

95
Q

What is Interval Training?

A

Consists of periods of high intensity work and periods of rest working in the anaerobic training zone

96
Q

What is Fartlek Training?

A

Known as ‘speed play’ training with a variety of intensity on a variety of terrains without rest

97
Q

What is Plyometric Training?

A

Jump training consisting of high impact exercises to improve power

98
Q

What is Weight Training?

A

Training at a high intensity with a resistance

99
Q

What is Circuit Training?

A

Involving a series of stations designed to improve a number of components of fitness. Work followed by periods of rest

100
Q

What are Fitness Classes?

A

Such as aerobics, yoga, spinning

101
Q

What are Anabolic Steroids?

A

Stimulates muscle growth

102
Q

What are Stimulants?

A

Increases alertness, concentrate better for longer

103
Q

What are Beta Blockers?

A

Reduction in anxiety allows athletes to stay calm

104
Q

What are Diuretics?

A

Increase in weight loss through an increase in urine removed from the body. Often used to hide the use of other drugs

105
Q

What are Narcotic Analgesics?

A

They relieve pain

106
Q

What are Peptide Hormones?

A

EPO increases the production of red blood cells so more oxygen is carried to working muscles improving aerobic capacity

107
Q

What is a Growth Hormone?

A

Increase muscle size and speeds up recovery

108
Q

What is Blood Doping?

A

Injecting oxygenated blood - more oxygen is transported to working muscles increasing endurance allowing the athlete to train for longer

109
Q

What is a Warm Up?

A

Consists of a pulse raiser, stretches and activity specific phase - to increase body temperature and prevent injury

110
Q

What are 3 Parts of Health?

A

Physical, social and emotional

111
Q

What is a Sedentary Lifestyle?

A

A lifestyle where there is little to no exercise

112
Q

What is Overweight?

A

Weighing more than the ideal weight fo your height

113
Q

What is Overfat?

A

Having more than the ideal amount of body fat

114
Q

What is Obese?

A

Weighing significantly more than the ideal weight

115
Q

What are some Health Problems of Living a Sedentary Lifestyle?

A

High blood pressure, CHD, Type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis

116
Q

What are Macronutrients?

A

Nutrients you need to consume in relatively large amounts such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins

117
Q

What is Carbohydrate Loading?

A

A strategy used by endurance athletes to boost glycogen stores before an event

118
Q

What are Carbohydrates?

A

Used for energy e.g. pasta, potatoes, bread, rice

119
Q

What are Proteins?

A

Used for growth and repair e.g. meat

120
Q

What are Fats?

A

Used as a source of energy

121
Q

What is Fibre?

A

Keeps digestive system healthy

122
Q

What is Water?

A

Prevents dehydration

123
Q

What are 4 Factors that Affect Optimum Weight?

A

Bone structure, gender, height and muscle girth

124
Q

What is Optimum Weight?

A

Refers to the weight someone should be on average, some requirements differ for certain activities

Sports Studies (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions