Paper 1- Exam Questions Flashcards
Water has a high heater capacity and a large latent heat of vaporization.
Describe the importance of each of these properties to living organisms. (2 marks)
High heat capacity- buffers change in temperatures.
Latent heat of vaporization- Cause down the body by evaporating water.
Explain Cohesion- Tension Theory- (2 marks)
Cohesion is when water molecules form weak hydrogen bonds between each other, allowing a column of water.
Water is lost from the top of the plant via transpiration and is replaced by water being pulled up in a continuous column- tension.
There are four main blood groups in the human ABO blood group system a transfusion of blood from a blood group a donor to a blood group B recipient would cause agglutination of the donated red blood cells. Explain why. 2 marks
B blood group contains anti a antibodies which would recognise the specific antigen on their a blood cell and a licked an immune response to try and destroy them. Agglutination will occur as part of this response
Give the blood groups of people who could accept a donation of blood group O without causing agglutenation of the donated red blood cells
A, B, AB, O
Errors in the precise location of splicing in the DNA molecule can lead to mutations explain why? 1 mark
Deletion areas of exons may be spliced out instead, so not expressed as amino acid mutating code.
A student investigated starch digestion by mixing starch with a solution of the enzyme used to digest starch. The student did a biochemical test for protein when starch digestion was completed.
The students test for protein was positive explain why.
Enzymes are proteins The enzymes aren’t used up, so would show a positive result
Edward syndrome is a condition resulting from an extra chromosome 18 a chromosome mutation in the second meotic division is the most frequent cause of Edward’s syndrome. Explain how a chromosome mutation in the second myotic division could result in an extra chromosome 18.
As the chromatids do not separate non-disjunction occurs
This is when chromatins do not separate correctly
Mosaic treason me 18 is another type of Edward syndrome. This occurs due to a chromosome mutation after fertilisation. In this, the body has cells with an extra chromosome 18 and cells with the correct number of chromosomes. Explain how sales with different numbers of chromosomes are produced. One mark
Cells with an extra chromosome are produced from cells with a mutation.
Cells with the correct number of chromosomes are produced from cells without a mutation
Define the term isomer
organic molecules which have the same chemical formula but different structural formula
Cotton is a plant fibre used to make cloth. Explain how cellulose gives cotton its strength (2 marks)
forms strong microfibres held by hydrogen bonds
cellulose fibres and other molecules form a matrix
a lab assistant added benedict’s solution to a solution of sucrose in a test tube and applied heat. Predict and explain results (2 marks)
no change- as sucrose is not reducing
List similarities and differences between the structure of starch and glycogen
- Both Alpha glucose
- both branched
- forms 1-4 and 1-6 bonds
- glycogen, more widely branched
- more terminal ends
- starch- amylose and amylopectin
a garden pea contains granules, how do we determine it they contained starch?
add iodine, grandiose turn blue black
state the chemical formula of maltose
C 12 H 22 O 11
describe how we can separate a mixture of monosaccharides in solution
chromatography
a spot of solution is put on paper and suspended in solvent.
larger molecules move slower so the mixture separates
how chromatography with unknown monosaccharides can be identified
compare with known monosaccharides look for same Rf value
out of glycogen, cellulose, starch, which ones:
1. contain 1-6 links
2. contain alpha glucose
3. contains H bond
- glycogen, starch
- glycogen, starch
- cellulose
