Paper 1 Exam Questions Flashcards
1
Q
Compare the structure and function of xylem tissue and phloem tissue (6)
A
- Xylem is made of dead cells whereas phloem is made of living cells
- Phloem cells have pores in their end walls, xylem cells do not have pores in their end walls
- Xylem contains lignin and phloem does not contain lignin
- Xylem transports water and mineral ions whereas phloem transports dissolved sugars
- Xylem is involved in transpiration and phloem is involved in translocation
- Xylem transports unidirectionally whereas phloem transports bidirectionally
2
Q
Give two uses of the energy released in respiration (2)
A
- movement
- active transport
3
Q
What are the two products of anaerobic respiration in plant cells? (2)
A
- ethanol
- carbon dioxide
4
Q
How does the human body defend itself against pathogens? (6)
A
- immune system / WBCs
- WBCs engulf pathogen
- antitoxins are produced which neutralise toxins produced by pathogens
- antibodies are produced which help to destroy pathogens
- memory cells are formed which give a more rapid response if pathogen re-enters
5
Q
Describe what happens during each stage of the cell cycle (4)
A
- In stage 1, DNA replicates (1) and sub-cellular structures replicate (1)
- In stage 2, one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell (1)
- In stage 3, the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two cells (1)
6
Q
Describe three differences between the processes of mitosis and meiosis (3)
A
- Mitosis forms diploid cells whereas meiosis forms haploid cells
- There is one cell division in mitosis but there are two cell divisions in meiosis
- Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, whereas meiosis produces genetically different cells
7
Q
Describe one similarity between the processes of mitosis and meiosis (1)
A
In both processes, DNA replicates once
8
Q
Compare the structure of a red blood cell with the structure of a plant cell (6)
A
- Red blood cells have a biconcave structure, whereas plant cells do not.
- Red blood cells have no cell wall, plant cells have a cell wall.
- Plant cells have chloroplasts, red blood cells do not.
- Both cells have a cytoplasm
- Both cells have a cell membrane
- Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, plant cells do not.
9
Q
How does vaccination work? (4)
A
- A dead or weakened pathogen is injected into the body
- WBC’s stimulated to produce antibodies against the pathogens
- Memory cells stay in the body
- On reinfection antibodies are made quickly and in large numbers
10
Q
How are monoclonal antibodies produced? (4)
A
- inject the virus into a mouse
- stimulate mouse lymphocytes to produce antibodies
- combine mouse lymphocyte with tumour cell to create a hybridoma
- clone the hybridoma cell
- hybridoma divides rapidly and produces antibody
