Paper 1 Energy Changes & National & Global Resources Flashcards
What energy is associated with a MOVING object?
Use KINETIC ENERGY to calculated a moving object =
Ek = 0.5 x mass x (Speed)2
Ek = 0.5mv2
Energy measured in Joules
Mass - in kg
Speed - v - in metres per second m/s
What energy is associated with RAISING an object above GROUND LEVEL?
GPE (Gravitational potential energy) gained by RAISING an object above ground level =
Ep = mass x gravitational field strength x height
Ep = mgh
Energy measured in Joules
What is the ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY stored in a stretched or compressed spring?
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY stored in a stretched or compressed spring
Ee= 0.5 x spring constant x (extension)2
Ee= 0.5ke2
K = constant (k) measures in newtons per metres N/m
e (extension) measured in m
Energy - measured in Joules
What is the SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY of a substance?
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY is the amount of ENERGY required to raise the TEMPERATURE of 1 KG of the substance by ONE DEGREE CELSIUS
Change in thermal energy (J) =
mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
(m) (c) degrees celsisus
REQUIRED PRACTICAL investigate the specific heat capacity of materials - steps
- Measure start temperature
- Switch electric heater for 5 mins
- Measure end temperature
- Measure the voltage & current to find the power
- Repeat for different liquids
- Calc the specific heat capacity
- Compare your results to another group
REQUIRED PRACTICAL investigate the specific heat capacity of materials
Variable
Dependent variable
Control Variable:
Hazards:
specific heat capacity of materials
Variable: type of liquid
Dependent variable: the temperature
Control Variable: the amount of liquid used & energy provided.
Hazards: Liquids could become v hot & boil & spit so wear safety goggles
Energy can be …
Energy can be TRANSFERRED & DISSIPATED (spread out to the surroundings)
An object projected upwards …..
An object projected upwards …
Kinetic energy (initial movement) to
GPE (from its increase in height)
Water boiling in a kettle
Water boiling in a kettle …
ELECTRICAL energy to THERMAL energy
A car breaking …
A car breaking ..
KINETIC energy (from movement of car) to THERMAL energy (from friction in the brakes)
A car accelerating …
A car accelerating …
CHEMICAL energy (in the fuel) to KINETIC every (movement of the car)
An object hitting an obstacle …
An object hitting an obstacle ..
KINETIC energy (from the moving object) to THERMAL energy & sound (when the object hits the obstacle)
Main uses for energy …
Main uses for energy …
. TRANSPORT
. ELECTRICITY
. HEATING
What is Biofuel?
Biofuel
- large area of LAND are need to grow fuel crops (renewable)
- Chemical Store
- used for transport, heating, electricity generation
- CARBON NEUTRAL so LOW IMPACT on environment
What is Nuclear fuel?
Nuclear fuel
. Non-renewable source
. produces racatioactive waste
Hydroelectricity
HYDOELECTRICITY
- Re-newable but needs LARGE areas of land to be FLOODED to create dams - altering ECOSYSTEMS
- energy store is gravitational potential sotre
Sankey diagram shows
Sankey diagrams
Diagram where the WIDTH OF THE ARROW of each energy source is shown
What is Geothermal energy? is the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the earth. It is contained in the rocks and fluids beneath the earth’s crust …
Geothermal energy is a RENEWABLE energy source because heat is continuously produced inside the earth.
Adv - very little impact on environmental factors
Energy sources starting a car
Energy sources starting a car
CHEMICAL energy - engaging the battery
KINETIC energy to move the car
What sort of energy is needed to recharge a mobile phone?
CHEMICAL energy is needed to recharge the phones BATTERY
Advantage of nuclear power stations?
Advantage of nuclear power stations - they do not release CARBON DIOXIDE
Which energy resources produces the majority of electricity used globally?
The majority of electricity used globally comes from BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
Which energy resource can be unreliable?
WIND can be an unreliable energy resource
What is an advantage of a GAS POWER STATION
A gas power station can start producing electricity QUICKLY
Disadvantage - it uses FOSSIL FUELS & contributes towards GLOBAL WARMING
