Paper 1 definitions Flashcards
a priori
Knowledge of a proposition that does not require any sense experience to be known to be true or false.
a posteriori
Knowledge of a proposition that can only be known to be true or false through sense experience.
ability knowledge
Knowing ‘how’ to do something
acquaintance knowledge
Knowing ‘of’ something or some place
propositional knowledge
Knowing ‘that’ some claim/proposition is true or false
analytic
A proposition that is true or false by the meaning of the words.
Analytic truth- ‘a bachelor is a unmarried man’
anti-realism, moral
The theory that claims there are no moral properties.
- Error theory
- Non-cognitivism:
Emotivism
Prescriptivism
realism, moral
The theory that claims moral judgments are made true or false by objective moral properties that exist mind-independently
morality
The rules, ideals and expectations governing fundamental aspects of human conduct. Concerns right and wrong, good and bad, in human action and character.
naturalism, moral
A form of moral realism that claims that moral properties are natural properties.
Cartesian circle
Refers to the circular reasoning Descartes seems to employ regarding clear and distinct ideas and God: Descartes cannot rely on clear and distinct ideas before proving God exists, but he cannot prove that God exists without relying on clear and distinct ideas.
Circular argument
An argument is circular if it employs its own conclusion in the premise
Clear and distinct ideas
A clear idea is present and accessible to the attentive mind, a distinct idea is clear and also sharply separated from other ideas so that every part is clear.
Categorical imperative
‘Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time it should be a universal law’
