Paper 1 Flashcards
How is Potatopak formed and what are some common uses?
Potatopak is formed from waste potato starch, this is mixed with water and cellulose with heat to form a honeycomb formation. It is an alternative to non-biodegradable options (plastic, styrofoam)
Potatopak is used for cups, bowls, trays, packaging, bags etc.
What are the positives and negatives of Potatopak?
Positives of Potatopak are:
- Environmentally friendly
- 100% biodegradable
- Reduces waste packaging and waste going to landfill
- Alternative to plastic
Negatives of Potatopak are:
- Cannot be used to hold hot liquid or raw meat as they react with the starch so the starch will break down
- Still requires research to develop a food-safe, biodegradable and chemical-free protective coating to stop the starch breaking down
what is BSI (British Standards Institute)?
BSI is an organisation that devises agreed standard procedures for performing a wide range of tasks. They work with industry to product standards (a published document that agreed a way of doing something) to assure reliable and safe products.
What is a stock form?
A stock form is when a raw material is machine/processed to look a certain way
What are the stock forms of timber?
The different stock forms of timber are:
Rough sawn: The wood has rough surfaces, nominal sizes and cheapest to buy
Planes square edge (PSE): The wood only has one edge that is planed accurately, the rest are rough sawn, Planing removes about 3mm from the original size.
Planed all round (PAR): The wood has sides and edges that are planed square, straight and level, leaving a smooth finish and is ready to use, is it 3mm smaller on each side and is the most expensive to buy.
Natural wood: The wood comes from the trees and is available only at the maximum width of the tree, planks should be joined with the end grain going in opposite directions to minimise distortion.
Manufactured boards: Man-made and produced in large sheets (1220mm x 2440mm)
Mouldings: Pre-made mouldings such as skirting board available in standard length.
What are the stock forms of metal?
The different stock forms of metal are:
Sheet: large flat sections of metal in varying thickness from less than 1mm up to 3mm.
Plate: thicker than 3mm and narrower than sheet materials.
Bar: a solid form, flat bar, square bar, round bar or hexagonal bar.
Tube form: hollow cross-section and can be square, rectangular, round or hexagonal.
Structural angular: H beams, L beams, I beams, tee bar and channel.
What are the stock form of polymer?
The different stock forms of polymer are:
Granules: small particle of plastic.
Sheet: a large flat section of polymer in varying thickness.
Film: very thin sheet polymer.
Rods/tubes/bars: bar is a solid form, square or round. Tubes are hollow in cross-section and can be rectangular, square or round.
Foam: solid form made by including air or other gases, such as styrofoam from expanding polystyrene.
Powder: very fine granule of polymer.
What is powder coating?
Powder coating is when the product is statically charged (negative) and thermoset polymer resin (positive) Is sprayed through an airgun. The opposite charges create a strong attraction between the powder and product. It is baked and the heat from the oven melts the powder over the product to give an even coating. The coating protects from corrosion and is more hardwearing than paint - used on fences, gates, fridges, dishwashers and washing machines.
What are IP rights?
Intellectual property (IP) is an idea that is turned into a physical creation. Ideas alone does not count. Some rights are automatically endowed when work is created, others have to be applied.
What is copyright?
- Copyright is legal protection for work such as books, photos, drama, music and films.
- It allows management of permission for others to use work.
- The UK Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988 provides cover for most works for 70 years after the death of creator.
What are unregistered design rights?
- Unregistered design rights provide legal protection for designers to stop unauthorised copying for 10 years, they cover appearance (shape, ornamentation etc.), not how products work.
- Ownership is hard to prove because there is no registration. So it is a good idea to keep early drafts, sketches, recordings and modifications.
What is a patent?
- A patent protects a working part of a product. It is granted from the Intellectual Property Office (IPO).
- They provide up to 20 years legal protection.
- Detailed, labelled diagrams and clear description are essential and it is essential that the design is completely new.
What is a registered design?
- A registered design offers protection for product appearance and decoration, not working rights.
- Designs are registered for up to 25 years by illustrations and a fee to the IPO.
What is a trademark?
- A trademark gives legal protection for brand identity and facilitates marketing. It is a recognisable combination of logos, colours, sounds and words.
What is a compliant material? Give examples of 2 compliant materials.
- Papers and boards are compliant materials meaning they can be scored, folded and cut with basic cutting tools to form nets for packaging.
- The original source of paper is wood pulp. During manufacture, bleaches are added to make paper whiter..
- Corrugated card is with carton board outer layers and a corrugated middle layer.
- Foil-backed and laminated card with polymer film of foil applied to provide a water resistant/heat-insulating layer.
What should employers ensure for safe working practices? [8]
Employers should ensure:
- The workplace is safe and free from risks to health.
- Welfare facilities such as first aid is provided.
- Dangerous items and substances are used and stored safely and removed if necessary.
- Training, info and adequate supervision is provided as necessary.
- PPE is provided.
- Machinery has guards, is safe to use, maintained and in good working order.
- Appropriate safety signage is provided.
- Accident report systems are in place, RIDDOR (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations, 2013)
What should employees ensure for safe working practices? [4]
Employees should ensure:
- Take reasonable care for own H&S, as well as those in their vicinity.
- Use the PPE provided.
- Use machinery in accordance with training provided.
- Report any accidents, near miss or dangerous events.
What is neoprene? [7]
Neoprene is an elastomer with:
- Good thermal resistance
- Toughness
- Good oil and thermal resistance
- Excellent weather resistance
- Good abrasion resistance
- Electrical insulator
- Some examples are swimming suits, laptop cases, hose covers.
What is inclusive design and empathetic design?
Inclusive design aims to meet the need of the widest possible range of people who might interact with the product in question. This include groups such as the elderly, children, people with disabilities.
Empathetic design involves the designer analysing tasks while emulating user restrictions such as a third age suit.
How is tensile strength tested?
Tensile strength is tested with a tensometer machine where is the test piece is clamped on each side and pulled apart.
How is toughness tested?
Toughness is tested with an Izod impact test. A notched test piece is held vertically in a vice, a pendulum is released from a set position and swings to strike the test piece.
What is the Rockwell test?
The Rockwell test is a hardness test where a preload is applied to a material sample using a diamond indenter, which breaks through the surface of the material. The load is increased and held for a certain time. The load is released and the distance between the preload and the applied load is measured.
What is the Brinell test?
The Brinell test is when a hardened steel ball is forced into the materials surface using a set preload, the diameter is measured.
What is the Vickers pyramid test?
The Vickers pyramid test is used for very hard materials and it uses a diamond square-based pyramid to indent the surface of the material, a microscope is used to measure the size of the indent.
