PAPER 1 Flashcards
When did WW1 begin?
August, 1914.
Who were the Germans and Austrians against in WW1?
Britain, France, Russia, Serbia and Belgium.
What did young patriotic Germans believe about WW1?
That it would end quickly.
By 1918, what was Germany close to?
Collapse.
Who told German politicians that they could never win WW1?
General Ludendorff.
Give two qualities of General Ludendorff.
He was a leading German army general and a war hero.
Give two lacks caused by WW1 in Germany.
Lack of food and fuel.
What percentage of total trade was organised illegally on the Black Market?
35%.
What was the main British public view due to the events of WW1?
Anti-German.
What was one of Lloyd-George’s main concerns?
“Disease from the East” - communism.
What did Lloyd-George realise in private?
Britain needed Germany to recover as she was an important trading partner.
What three things did France want from the Treaty?
Security, Revenge and Reparations.
What did Clemenceau aim to make sure of?
That Germany could not invade France in the future.
Give WW1 death stats for Germany, France, Britain and the USA.
Germany: 1,750,00
France: 1,500,000
Britain: 900,000
USA; 114,000
What did the Treaty of Versailles say?
How Germany, Hungary and Austria would be punished.
Who were the ‘Big Four’?
Woodrow Wilson - USA
David Lloyd-George - Britain
Georges Clemenceau - France
Vittorio Orlando - Italy
What were Wilson’s three principles covered in his fourteen points?
Democracy, self determination and reduced armaments.
What did Wilson want the TOV to be based upon?
His 14 points.
What did Wilson wish to set up?
An international organisation to be known as the League of Nations - to settle disputes.
What did America want from the Treaty?
Germany to be punished but not so harshly that it would be left feeling resentful.
Why did the American public not support Wilson’s ‘LON’?
They were fed up with involvement in European affairs.
What were the contents of the TOV? (LAMB)
Land
Army
Money
Blame
Give some factual points from the TOV.
> Army reduced to 100,000 - no tanks & no airforce > Rhineland was demilitarised > No submarines or large-battle ships > Loss of all overseas colonies >Alsace-Lorraine given back to France
What was Article 231?
The war guilt clause.