paper 1 Flashcards
how do you convert from binary to decimal?
You have to use a table that goes 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 to put the binary digits into and add them to get the decimal
convert 10100101 to decimal
its 165
how do you convert from decimal to binary?
You have to use a table that goes 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 to minus the biggest digit in the table as you go and represent this in 1’s and 0’s
convert 113 to binary
1110001
how do you convert from hexadecimal to binary, and then to decimal value?
you first seperate the two digits and then convert them separately into binary, you then put that binary together and convert all of it into decimal
convert AF to binary then to decimal
the binary is 10101111 an the decimal is 175
how do you add in binary?
you convert both binary digits to decimal, then you add them and convert back again, or you can add them and carry 1 over if there’s more than one in a column
add 1011 and 0111
its 10010
order these, Nibble, Terabyte, Byte, Gigabyte, Megabytes, Kilobyte,Bit
bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte
what is an algorithm?
A set or rules or instructions that a computer/program has to follow
what is a variable?
An assigned data that can be named and changed
what is selection?
A question asked by the computer to be decided based on the input, that will output and answer as true or false
what is nested selection?
if 1>0:
if 1>0:
what is abstraction?
It involves filtering out – essentially, ignoring - the characteristics that we don’t need in order to concentrate on those that we do.
what is validation?
Validation is an automatic computer check to ensure that the data entered is sensible and reasonable. It does not check the accuracy of data.
Describe a simple validation routine that could be used in a program?
to check that a password is 6 characters you can use an if or while statement to output a boolean statement
Explain why code written in high level language must be translated into machine code
so that it can be executed by the cpu
what translator would i use to convert assembly code into machine code
assembler
what would i use to convert a high level language (like C,C++) into machine code
Compiler
Explain the type of translator compiler
Compilers are used to convert high level languages (like C, C++ ) into machine code .
Explain the type of translator assembler
Assembler are used to convert assembly language code into machine code.
Explain the type of translator interpreter
An interpreter is a computer program which executes a statement directly (at runtime).
what is assembly language
An assembly language is a low-level programming language for microprocessors and other programmable devices. It is not just a single language, but rather a group of languages. An assembly language implements a symbolic representation of the machine code needed to program a given CPU architecture.
what is a character set
a list of characters that are assigned to numbers
what is unicode
a character set which contains every character from every language
how far is unicode the same as ascii
they are the same up to the number 127
what is RLE (run length encoding) frequency/data pairs.
a way to simplify binary (machine code), 110001000 would become 21 30 11 30, as it first says how many of that number there is and then what the number is
what would 1011111011000 be in RLE (run length encoding) frequency/data pairs.
11 10 51 10 21 30
what would 51 60 11 20 be when expanded back into binary
11111000000100
Explain the Von Neumann architecture
His computer architecture design consists of a Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Memory Unit, Registers and Inputs/Outputs. Von Neumann architecture is based on the stored-program computer concept, where instruction data and program data are stored in the same memory.
what is an embedded system
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts.
