paper 1

Question 1

identify the plane and axis during a running movement (2)

Answer 1

plane : sagittal
axis : transverse

Question 2

justify why flexibility is an important component of fitness needed for a games player to perform effectively (3)

Answer 2

You need to reach to intercept a ball or a pass
You need to head the ball in difficult spaces
To prevent stretching muscles and preventing injury

Question 3

state four factors other than warming up and stretching that should be considered to help prevent injury before and during a training session (4)

Answer 3

hydrating regularly
correct technique
not overtraining
taping or bracing
suitable footwear

Question 4

explain why it is important to cool down after an intensive training session (4)

Answer 4

to keep respiring so lactic acid and waste products are removed at a quicker rate
removes oxygen debt
prevents DOMS and injury
gradually reduces body temperature so prevents nausea and overheating

Question 5

name two major muscle groups that allow the leg to move at the hip (2)

Answer 5

hip flexors
gluteals

Question 6

identify four features of the alveoli that assist in gaseous exchange (4)

Answer 6

large surface area
moist walls
one cell thick
good blood supply

Question 7

explain how air pressure changes occur in the chest cavity allowing exhalation to take place.

refer to the roles of the intercostal muscles, rib cage and diaphragm (4)

Answer 7

diaphragm relaxes
intercostal muscles relax, and ribcage moves down
pressure increases
chest cavity decreases in volume

Question 8

identify the class of lever at the ankle (1)

Answer 8

second class lever

Question 9

identify the plane and axis of movement used in a somersault (2)

Answer 9

plane : sagittal
axis : transverse

Question 10

define flexibility (1)

evaluate the importance of flexibility for a gymnast (3)

Answer 10

The range of movement possible at a joint (1)

• So that she can look aesthetically pleasing, such as pointed fingers and toes which will enable her to score higher marks
• To increase the range of movement at a joint so she has less chance of straining or tearing a muscle

Question 11

define static strength (1)

explain how a gymnast would use static strength in their performance (2)

Answer 11

The ability to hold a body part in a static position. Muscle length stays the same (1)
* Could hold a handstand for a longer period of time (1) and would be in a more stable balanced position (1)

Question 12

how would a gynmnast use weight training to improve their static strength (2)

Answer 12

training would include the use of high weight (1) carried out using a low number ofrepetitions holding the heavy weights still (1)

Question 13

what class of lever is a bicep curl

Answer 13

1st class lever