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Sport studies > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

1st class lever examples

A
  • extension at elbow
  • head/neck movements
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2
Q

2nd class lever example

A

Ankle raises

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3
Q

3rd class lever examples

A

Anything but ankle raises, elbow extension and neck movments

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4
Q

Explain mechanical advantage

A

When a lever’s load arm is longer than its effort arm, it is said to be at a mechanical disadvantage.

effort arm ÷ resistance arm

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5
Q

Name the plane and Axis pairs

A
  • sagittal plane and transverse axis
  • frontal plane and sagittal axis
  • transversal plane and longitudinal axis
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6
Q

Definition of health

A

A state of complete mental and physical and social well being not just with the absence of disease

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7
Q

Defition of fitness

A

Ability to meet the demands of the environment

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8
Q

Name SPORT

A

Specific
Progressive
Overload
Reversibility
Tedium

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9
Q

name FITT

A

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type

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10
Q

Things to prevent injury

A

Correct footwear(boots on grass)
Spotter(so weight doesn’t fall on you)
Warm up (increase your temp, get oxygen to muscles)
Protective equipment (shin pads in hockey)
Pitch surface (ice on hockey pitch)

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11
Q

What is isotonic concentric

A

Muscle shortening

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12
Q

What’s isometric

A

Muscle pairs are equal length and stationary

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13
Q

What’s isotonic eccentric

A

Muscle lengthening

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14
Q

Structure of arteries

A

-thick musclur wall
-small lumen
-elastic walls

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15
Q

Structure of veins

A

Thin muscular wall
Packet valves
Big lumen

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16
Q

Structure of capillary

A

Surrounds tissue
Between arteries and veins
Big amount of them
One cell thick

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17
Q

Function of arteries

A
  • Carry oxygenated blood
  • Copes with high pressure blood from heart
  • capable of vasodilation and vasoconstriction
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18
Q

Function of veins

A
  • carry deoxygenated blood
  • low pressure blood
  • packet valves prevent black flow of blood
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19
Q

Functions of capillary

A
  • efficient for gas exchange
  • remove waste products from the body
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20
Q

What happens at inhalation at rest?

A
  • diaphragm contacts and flattens
  • intercostals contract
  • ribs move up and out
  • MORE SPACE IN THORACIC CAVITY
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21
Q

Exaltation at rest

A
  • diaphragm relaxes reducing space
  • intercostals relax
  • and ribs come down in
    -reducing space in the thoracic cavity
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22
Q

Inhalation during exercise

A
  • diaphram contracts and flattens harder
  • intercostals relax harder
  • pectorals help push ribs further out to allow more space in cavity
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23
Q

exhalation during exercise

A
  • they same as at rest but with greater force
  • so, diaphragm relaxes
  • intercostals relax (with greater force)
  • abdominals contract and pull the ribs down and in
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24
Q

Explain tidal volume

A

volume of air inspired or expired/exchanged per breath

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25
Q

Explain insportary reserve volume

A

the amount of air that could be breathed in after tidal
volume

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26
Q

Expiatory volume definition

A

the amount of air that could be breathed out after tidal
volume

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27
Q

residual volume

A

the amount of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration.

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28
Q

Long term effects of exercise (need 5)

A
  • build strength
  • lower resting heart rate
  • body shape change
  • increased heart size
  • increase in stamina/CE
  • increased speed
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29
Q

Immediate effects of exercise

A
  • hot sweaty red skin
    -increase depth of breathing
    -increased frequency of breathing
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30
Q

Short term effects of breathing

A
  • doms, cramps
  • nausea
  • tiredness/fatigue
  • light headness
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31
Q

Definition of agility

A

Changing directions while maintaining speed

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32
Q

Definition of Balance

A

The maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support. Reference can be made to whilst static (still) or dynamic (whilst moving).

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33
Q

Definition of cardiovascular endurance

A

Ability of heart and lungs to supply oxygen to Working muscles

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34
Q

Definition of Co-ordination

A

Ability to use to or more body parts at the same time

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35
Q

Definition of Flexibility

A

Range of movements possible at a joint

36
Q

Definition of Muscular endurance

A

Ability of muscle to undergo repeated contractions without fatigue

37
Q

Definition of Power

A

Product of strength x speed

38
Q

Definition of Reaction time

A

Time taken to respond to a stimulus

39
Q

Definition of Maximal strength

A

Ability to overcome resistance

40
Q

Definition of Static stench

A

Ability to hold body part in a static position with muscle staying the same length

41
Q

Definition of Speed

A

Rate of which an individual takes to cover an distance

42
Q

Reasons for fitness testing

A
  • base line tests
  • identify strengths and weakness
  • monitor improvement
  • compare to national average
  • motivational for athlete
43
Q

Limitations of fitness testing

A
  • to generic (agility test and hockey)
  • doesn’t replicate sporting environments
  • need to athlete to be motivated
  • tests can not be set up properly and get false results.
44
Q

Stages of warm up (apply to sport)

A
  • pulse raiser
  • stretching
  • skill preparation
  • mental prep
45
Q

Stages of cool down (explain why)

A
  • gradual pulse decrease
  • static stretching
46
Q

Sporting example of muscular edurance

A

AO2/ omplyic rower repeated contract their biceps to push against the water

AO3/ meaning they can maintain a high speed towards vital last parts of their race

47
Q

Sporting example of Power

A

AO2/ 100m sprinter applies maximal forces on the block at the highest speed

AO3/ to accelerate ahead of the completion at the start of the race and gain an early lead

48
Q

Sporting example of Reaction time

A

AO2/ 100m sprinter reacting to the gun at the start of their race

AO3/ to push of quicker off the block to gain an advantage

49
Q

Sporting example of Maximal strength

A

Weight lighter world record weight of the ground, by applying maximal forces

50
Q

Sporting example of Speed

A

AO2/ 500m racer using speed at the end of their race

AO3/ to overtake people and gain places or break free from people applying pressure behind.

51
Q

Sporting example of Agility

A

AO2/ netball playing moving an dodging around the pitch to get in to space to receive a pass

AO3/ and be able to get the ball and make another pass or be in a better place to shoot

52
Q

Sporting example of Balance

A

AO2/ Skier leaning forward to keep their Center of mass over the skies

AO3/ to prevent a crash and stay in the race

53
Q

Sporting example of CV edurance

A

AO2/ triathlete getting oxgyen to the gastrocnemius when running

AO3/ in order to keep being able to work at a high intensity

54
Q

Sporting example of co-ordination

A

AO2/ high jumper arching their back while kicking legs

AO3/ in order to gain height to clear the bar with the lower body.

55
Q

Sporting example of Flexibility

A

AO2/ a football goalkeeper in the middle of their net extending their leg out

AO3/ in order to stop a shot from going bottom corner of their net

56
Q

structure of the skeleton

A

-allows movement at a joint
- different types of joint allow different types of movement
- flat bones protect organs

57
Q

Functions of the Skelton system

A
  • support
  • protection of vital organs
  • movement
  • mineral storage
  • blood cell production
58
Q

How Skelton and muscle work together

A
  • muscles work in pairs.
  • prime mover in the pair muscles on the bone via a tendon.
    -while the antagonist relaxes and allows the movement to occur
  • while the bones acting as levels for muscles to pull on
59
Q

Pathway of blood in heart

A
  • deoxygenated blood into right atrium
    then into the right ventricle
  • the pulmonary artery then transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs
  • gas exchange occurs (blood is oxygenated)
  • pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood back to the left atrium
    then into the left ventricle
  • before oxygenated blood is ejected and transported to the body via the aorta.
60
Q

Aerobic equation

A

Glucose + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water

61
Q

Anaerobic equation

A

glucose = energy + lactic acid

62
Q

EPOC explanation

A

An understanding that EPOC (oxygen debt) is caused by anaerobic exercise (producing lactic acid) and requires the performer to maintain increased breathing rate after exercise to repay the debt.

63
Q

Test for agility

A

Illinois agility test

Mark out the course to the exact measurements required
Participant starts in a face-down lying position at the start line
Ensure accuracy of timing with two timers at the finish line
Measured in seconds
-

64
Q

Test for Balance

A

Stork stand test

Participant places their hand on hips and one foot on inside knee of the opposite leg
Participant raises their heel and holds the balance for as long as possible
The score is taken as the total time the participant held the balance

65
Q

Test for CV edurance

A

Multi stage fitness testing

Mark out a 20 m course
Participants must arrive at the end line on the beep or wait for the beep before running back
Participants must run until total exhaustion prevents the completion of two to three shuttles
Measured in the number of shuttle runs completed and converted to ml/kg/min

66
Q

Test for Co-ordination

A

Wall toss test

Participant stands exactly two metres from a smooth-surfaced wall

Participant throws the ball with one hand and catches with the other and repeats

Non-participant counts number of successful catches in 30 seconds

67
Q

Test for Flexibility

A

Sit and reach test

Remove shoes and position sit and reach box against the wall
Keep knees completely locked and reach forward with one hand on top of the other
Stretch and hold position for two seconds while non-participant records score
Usually measured in centimetres

68
Q

Test for Muscular edurance

A

Sit up bleep test

On a cushioned surface the participant performs as many full sit ups as they are able to in time to set beeps over 5 minute period

the participant moves from a lying position to sitting up with their elbows touching their knees and then returns to the ground

Non-participant holds the participants feet on the ground, counts the completed actions and judges that all actions are full

69
Q

Test for power

A

vertical jump test

70
Q

Test for Reaction time

A

Ruler drop test

71
Q

Test for Maximal strength

A

One rep max test

Select the body part that is to be tested and use the weight lifting technique for that body part
Lift a weight that is more than the training weight
Rest for 5 – 10 minutes then select a heavier weight
Repeat the process until a weight is selected that can only be lifted successfully for one rep
Usually measured in kilograms

72
Q

Test for speed

A

30m sprint test

(a rolling start so that they are running at full speed as they hit the start line

73
Q

Load shape

A

Block

74
Q

What is abduction

A

movement away from body

75
Q

What is addiction and sporting example

A

Movement towards midline of body

Returning to original postion from jumping jack

76
Q

What is rotation and sporting example

A

Movement around a joint

Golf drive shot

77
Q

circumduction definiton and example

A

turning or circular motion around a joint

78
Q

Plantar flexion definition and example

A

Toes up increase angle at join

Pointing toes in ballet

79
Q

Outline how two features of the alveoli assist in gaseous exchange.

A
  • large surface area
  • moist walls
80
Q

how does transversal plane spilt the body? and examples

A

top and bottom

81
Q

how does sagitial plane spilt the body?

A

left and right

82
Q

how does frontal plane spilt the body?

A

front and back

83
Q

synovial joint injury protection

A

cartilage - stop bones rubbing together/wear and tear
synovial fluid - to lube up a joint and allow a good moment
ligaments - connect the bones together

84
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles each time they contract.

85
Q

Cardiac output defo and equation

A

Cardiac output (Q) is the amount of blood pumped from the heart every minute

Q=SVxHR

Sport studies (2 decks)

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