Paper 1

Question 1

can energy be created or destroyed

Answer 1

no

Question 2

what are the different energy stores

Answer 2

thermal
kinetic
gravitational potential
elastic
chemical
magnetic
nuclear
electrostatic

Question 3

how can energy be transferred

Answer 3

mechanically
electrically
heating
radiation

Question 4

what is a system

Answer 4

an object or a group of objects

Question 5

what is an open system

Answer 5

when a group of objects can interact with the outside world meaning energy can be lost or gained

Question 6

what is a closed system

Answer 6

no energy can leave or enter surroundings meaning the total energy in a closed system never changes

Question 7

what are the 2 main types of work done

Answer 7

Mechanical and electrical

Question 8

what is mechanical work done

Answer 8

the using of a force in order to move an object

Question 9

what is electrical work done

Answer 9

this is when current flows, energy that is required to overcome resistance in the wires

Question 10

what is kinetic energy

Answer 10

the energy an object possesses due to its motion

Question 11

what 2 things determine how much KE an object has

Answer 11

speed and mass

Question 12

how does speed effect KE

Answer 12

the more speed the higher the KE

Question 13

how does mass affect KE

Answer 13

if everything else remains the same an increase in mass will lead to the increase in the amount of KE

Question 14

what is gravity

Answer 14

the force of attraction between 2 objects

Question 15

what 2 factors affect the gravitational force of attraction

Answer 15

mass
how far apart the objects are

Question 16

what is a gravitational field

Answer 16

the field of influence around an object

Question 17

what is a force of attraction

Answer 17

the weight of an object

Question 18

what is weight

Answer 18

the force that is acting on the object in a gravitational field

Question 19

what is mass

Answer 19

an intrinsic property

Question 20

what is Gravitational potential energy (GPE)

Answer 20

energy an object has because of its height above the ground

Question 21

what is internal energy

Answer 21

the total energy stored by the particles making up a substance or system

Question 22

what 2 parts is internal energy made up of

Answer 22

the potential energy stores and the kinetic energy stores

Question 23

what are the potential energy stores

Answer 23

gravitational and elastic

Question 24

when an object is heated up which energy store does it go to

Answer 24

The kinetic energy store

Question 25

what is temperature as a measure

Answer 25

a measure of all the internal energy within a substance

Question 26

what is the relationship between internal energy and temperature

Answer 26

the higher the temperature the more internal energy an object has

Question 27

what is the specific heat capacity

Answer 27

The amount of energy required o raise 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celcius

Question 28

what happens to energy as a substance cools

Answer 28

the energy is released

Question 29

what is power

Answer 29

rate at which work is done

Question 30

what are the 2 ways of reducing energy waste

Answer 30

lubrication and thermal insulation

Question 31

what does lubrication do

Answer 31

reduces friction so less energy is lost through friction

Question 32

what does thermal insulation do

Answer 32

less useful thermal heat energy lost

Question 33

what happens with a higher thermal conductivity of a material

Answer 33

The higher the thermal conductivity of a material, heat is allowed to travel through the material more easily, so the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material

Question 34

what is efficiency

Answer 34

efficiency is the useful energy output over the total energy output

Question 35

how can efficiency of a system be increased

Answer 35

by reducing or recycling waste output

Question 36

what are the main non renewable resources

Answer 36

Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, gas) Nuclear Fuel

Question 37

what are main renewable resources

Answer 37

Biofuel Wind Hydro-electricity Geothermal Tidal Solar Water waves

Question 38

key aspects of renewable energy

Answer 38

s energy which can be replenished as it is used Renewable energy has become more important due to the finite lifetime of fossil fuels, and so their development has become more important. Renewable energy is not always the most reliable as: solar doesn’t work in bad weather or night Wind is only intermittent.

Question 39

what are the 3 main energy uses

Answer 39

heating transport electricity generation

Question 40

environmental impact of extracting energy

Answer 40

Fossil fuels involve destroying landscapes Wind turbines can be considered an eyesore

Question 41

environmental impact of using these energy sources

Answer 41

Fossil fuels release harmful emissions Solar, wind directly create electricity with no emissions