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Physics > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

can energy be created or destroyed

A

no

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2
Q

what are the different energy stores

A

thermal
kinetic
gravitational potential
elastic
chemical
magnetic
nuclear
electrostatic

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3
Q

how can energy be transferred

A

mechanically
electrically
heating
radiation

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4
Q

what is a system

A

an object or a group of objects

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5
Q

what is an open system

A

when a group of objects can interact with the outside world meaning energy can be lost or gained

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6
Q

what is a closed system

A

no energy can leave or enter surroundings meaning the total energy in a closed system never changes

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7
Q

what are the 2 main types of work done

A

Mechanical and electrical

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8
Q

what is mechanical work done

A

the using of a force in order to move an object

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9
Q

what is electrical work done

A

this is when current flows, energy that is required to overcome resistance in the wires

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10
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

the energy an object possesses due to its motion

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11
Q

what 2 things determine how much KE an object has

A

speed and mass

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12
Q

how does speed effect KE

A

the more speed the higher the KE

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13
Q

how does mass affect KE

A

if everything else remains the same an increase in mass will lead to the increase in the amount of KE

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14
Q

what is gravity

A

the force of attraction between 2 objects

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15
Q

what 2 factors affect the gravitational force of attraction

A

mass
how far apart the objects are

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16
Q

what is a gravitational field

A

the field of influence around an object

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17
Q

what is a force of attraction

A

the weight of an object

18
Q

what is weight

A

the force that is acting on the object in a gravitational field

19
Q

what is mass

A

an intrinsic property

20
Q

what is Gravitational potential energy (GPE)

A

energy an object has because of its height above the ground

21
Q

what is internal energy

A

the total energy stored by the particles making up a substance or system

22
Q

what 2 parts is internal energy made up of

A

the potential energy stores and the kinetic energy stores

23
Q

what are the potential energy stores

A

gravitational and elastic

24
Q

when an object is heated up which energy store does it go to

A

The kinetic energy store

25
Q

what is temperature as a measure

A

a measure of all the internal energy within a substance

26
Q

what is the relationship between internal energy and temperature

A

the higher the temperature the more internal energy an object has

27
Q

what is the specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy required o raise 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celcius

28
Q

what happens to energy as a substance cools

A

the energy is released

29
Q

what is power

A

rate at which work is done

30
Q

what are the 2 ways of reducing energy waste

A

lubrication and thermal insulation

31
Q

what does lubrication do

A

reduces friction so less energy is lost through friction

32
Q

what does thermal insulation do

A

less useful thermal heat energy lost

33
Q

what happens with a higher thermal conductivity of a material

A

The higher the thermal conductivity of a material, heat is allowed to travel through the material more easily, so the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material

34
Q

what is efficiency

A

efficiency is the useful energy output over the total energy output

35
Q

how can efficiency of a system be increased

A

by reducing or recycling waste output

36
Q

what are the main non renewable resources

A

Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, gas)
Nuclear Fuel

37
Q

what are main renewable resources

A

Biofuel
Wind
Hydro-electricity
Geothermal
Tidal
Solar
Water waves

38
Q

key aspects of renewable energy

A

s energy which can be replenished as it is used
Renewable energy has become more important due to the finite lifetime of fossil fuels, and
so their development has become more important.
Renewable energy is not always the most reliable as:
solar doesn’t work in bad weather or night
Wind is only intermittent.

39
Q

what are the 3 main energy uses

A

heating
transport
electricity generation

40
Q

environmental impact of extracting energy

A

Fossil fuels involve destroying landscapes
Wind turbines can be considered an eyesore

41
Q

environmental impact of using these energy sources

A

Fossil fuels release harmful emissions
Solar, wind directly create electricity with no emissions

42
Q
A

Physics (2 decks)

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