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chemistry > paper 1 > Flashcards

paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

give 3 features of a transition metal.

A

malleable
strong
high m.p

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2
Q

how does a metal conduct electricity?

A

metals have delocalized electrons that are free to move through the lattice structure.

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3
Q

what is an ionic bond?

A

bond between metal and non-metal

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4
Q

in an ionic bond, describe the transfer of electrons

A

metal to non-metal

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5
Q

in an ionic bond, what forces hold it together?

A

electrostatic forces.

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6
Q

what form do ions have to be in order to conduct electricity?

A

molten or dissolved

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7
Q

why don’t ions conduct electricity while solid?

A

the ions are fixed (cannot move)

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8
Q

describe the covalent bonding

A

2+ non-metals sharing electrons.

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9
Q

What forces hold together a covalent bond?

A

electrostatic between electrons and nuclei.

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10
Q

what is the bonding of a diamond?

A

covalent

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11
Q

what is the structure of a diamond?

A

giant covalent structure
no free electrons
each carbon atom forms 4 bonds

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12
Q

why do giant covalent structures have a very high m.p?

A

due to strong covalent bonds that require a lot of energy to break.

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13
Q

why can the fullerene be used in medicine?

A

the ball structure means it can act as a cage to carry the drug

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14
Q

what is the formula for moles?

A

mass / rfm

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15
Q

what metals are most reactive?

A

lithium, sodium and potassium

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16
Q

what forces hold the graphite layers together?

A

intermolecular forces

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17
Q

what forces hold a metallic bond together?

A

electrostatic forces between delocalized electrons and positive metal ions

18
Q

why are metals more reactive than each other?

A

the outer shell of the more reactive one is further from the nucleus. Weak electrostatic forces so electrons can be lost easily.

19
Q

what is a noble gas?

A

completely unreactive gases

20
Q

name a strong acid

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

21
Q

name a weak acid

A

citric acid

22
Q

give 3 differences between transition metals and group 1 elements.

A

high density (tm)
malleable (TM)
hard (tm)

23
Q

Name one other compound that the student could add to hydrochloric acid to produce
zinc chloride

A

zinc hydroxide OR zinc carbonate

24
Q

why is rubidium more reactive than potassium?

A

as the outer electrons are further away from the nucleus, meaning there is less electrostatic attraction. This means the electrons are easier to lose.

25
Q

why is there a mesh to separate the products during electrolysis?

A

to ensure the products don’t react.

26
Q

what particle may pass through the net during electrolysis?

A

an ion

27
Q

what element is produced at the anode?

A

oxygen unless halogens are present.

28
Q

what element is produced at the cathode?

A

hydrogen is produced unless the metal is less reactive than it.

29
Q

what are nanoparticles used for?

why?

A

catalysts as they react fast, increasing the r.o.r

30
Q

name 3 common acids

name their formula?

A

hydrochloric (HCL)
Sulfuric (H2SO4)
Nitric (HNO3)

31
Q

usually hydroxides or carbonates

name 2 common bases

can you name their formula?

A

sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
calcium carbonate (CaC03)

32
Q

what 2 ways can ph be measured?

A

chemical indicator
Ph probe

33
Q

uinversal indicator becomes more what in acidic solutions? and what in alkaline?

A

red
bluey purple

34
Q

Litmus is an indicator for titrations

Name the colour Litmus is in both alkali and acidic solutions

A

Red in acidic
blue in alkali

35
Q

Methyl orange is a titration indicator

Name the colour of methyl orange in both alkali and acidic solutions

A

red in acidic
yellow in alkali

36
Q

think when you add them to water

what makes an acid strong or weak?

A

How much they ionise in water (split apart)

37
Q

define the term base

A

a substance that has a ph level of over 7

38
Q

what is an insoluble base?

A

a base which does not dissolve in water

39
Q

thinks positive and negative ions

in neutralisation reactions, how do you work out the formula of the salt?

A

take the positive ion from the base, such as sodium from sodium oxide (Na2O), and the negative ion from the acid, such as chloride from hydrochloric acid (HCl), and combine them together. NaCl

40
Q

when metal reacts with water what does it form?

A

metal hydroxides + hydrogen

chemistry (6 decks)

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