Paper 1 Flashcards

Question

Crosland's ideas

Answer 1

Inherent contradictions in capitalism - does not drive social change and managed capitalism can deliver social justice and equality State managed capitalism - includes the mixed economy, full employment and universal social benefits

Answer 2

Rejection of state intervention - acceptance of the free market in economy, equality of opportunity, responsibility and community over class conflict Role of the State - social investment in infrastructure and education not economic and social engineering

Answer 3

AGREE - Human nature is influenced by nurture rather than nature, so seek to improve surroundings AGREE - Positive view on human's capacity for reason, sociability and cooperation (different methods but still agree on the outcome) DISAGREE - Extent to which common humanity requires collectivism declines as one moves away from revolutionary fundamentalist positions - Marxists demand it but Giddens is closer to liberalism

Answer 4

AGREE - society where there is no polarisation between the rich and poor is desirable - everyone has access to the necessities of life DISAGREE - Marxists want revolution and see there is a divide between the classes / Social Democrats see less polarisation in society and want to reduce inequalities by reform DISAGREE - Third way = less focused on class inequalities and want to build an inclusive society by spreading opportunity and minority rights / Marxists see this as window-dressing

Answer 5

AGREE - socialists are not anarchists and require a state to deliver the equality they seek - Shared by Giddens and Marx, Education is vital in this DISAGREE - Marx wanted to smash the bourgeoisie state and replace it with a dictatorship of the proletariat/ Webb and other revisionist socialists agree to evolutionary change DISAGREE - Revisionists and Neo-revisionists divided between Croslandite mixed economies and the more market-oriented liberal approach of Giddens

Answer 6

AGREE - Unregulated capitalism creates inequalities and inefficiencies which should be addressed by some government activity DISAGREE - Marxists and democratic socialists believe Capitalism should be completely replaced / Revisionists and neo-revisionists have agreed with Keynesian and not to completely get rid of it but control and manage it DISAGREE - revisionists and neo-revisionists disagree on the kind of capitalism whether it looks more like Croslandite economics or the more liberal approach put forward by Giddens

Answer 7

DIRECT: 72% turnout - Brexit 2016 INDYREF 2014 - 85% turnout Protests after the EU referendum - against Direct Democracy REP: 2001 GE TO = 59% 2017 GE TO = 69% 2019 - Lib Dems received 19% of the seats and only had 2% of the vote - against REP democracy

Answer 8

Over 89% of 16-17 olds registered for INDYREF Elections Act 2022 - Voter ID - suppressing voters

Answer 9

2023 - Just Stop Oil abandons climate protests after being shamed by Tory Gov Police, Crime and Sentencing Act 2022 - allows police to toughen up on dealing with protests 2023 - 77% of Junior doctors voted to strike

Answer 10

BMA - lobbied policy makers through direct meeting and other methods to ensure the Health and Care Act 2022 addressed their concerns CBI - Sunak made speech at conference and they responded by asking questions about measures used to achieve Sunak's goals

Answer 11

Marcus Rashford worked with Fare Share on the free school meals for underprivileged kids 38 degrees - used social media to impact change and has 2.5 million members

Answer 12

Truss' senior special advisor, Ruth Porter was communication director at the IEA - Spoke many times at their convention over the last 12 years Institute for fiscal studies revealed the "fiscal hole" after the 2022 mini budget - important as gov won't publish broadcast by the independent office of budget responsibility

Answer 13

2021 - Greensil scandal - Cameron lobbied Sunak on behalf of Greensil who paid him 10 million over two and a half years Owen Patterson left the commons after Nov 2021 after being accused of breaking lobbing rules

Answer 14

2023 Public Order Bill - further prevents right to protest Freedom of Information Act 2000 - right to access information if it is deemed needed to be seen by the public Investigatory Powers Act 2016 - allows greater surveillance in Britain S.C declares 2004 civil partnership act against the HRA in 2018- gov amended it in 2019

Answer 15

2015 - Green won 1 million votes but only 1 seat 2019 - Johnson elected leader of Tories and the PM by only 1% of the population Expenses Scandal 2017 - Labour and Cons had 82% of the vote share 2022 - Cons received 4.8 million in donations and Labour received 7.2 million in donations 2022 - Green received 172,000 in donations

Answer 16

AV 2011 - TO = 42% 68% voted against 2001 GE = 60% Brexit = 52% leave 2019 - Cons won 365 seats despite only having 44% of the vote

Answer 17

Age: 2019 - 57% of 60-69 year olds voted Tories 64% of 18-24 voted to remain in the EU 61% of 60 - 69 year olds voted to leave Class: 2019 - 36% of all AB voters voted Labour Region: 2019 GE: 57% of South East voted Cons 48% voted Labour in NE

Answer 18

Media: Sun has backed every winner since 1979 1992 - "Its the Sun wot won it" 2017 - greater use of social media 2017 - "May Bot" - still won it 2017 - Labour still scored well even though attacks on Corbyn through media 2010 - TV Debates - Cleggmania Campaign: 1997 - Tony Blair = young, charismatic leader 2017 - Corbyn took advantage of media and in person events to secure the vote of young people 2017 Cons campaign = uninspiring - didn't get enough for a majority Salient Issues: 2019 - Labour promises led to questions over affordability 2017 & 2019 - Brexit was a divisive issue and each used this to their advantage 1997 - Labour took advantage of failing economic issues after Black Wednesday