Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

edexcel b geography > paper 1 > Flashcards

paper 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

gdp per capita

A

the value of goods and services produced in a year per person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gdp ppp

A

gdp- purchasing power parity, what the gdp will buy in other countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

human development index (HDI)

A

combines wealth, health and education to show how developed a country is (0-1, 1 being the best)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

poverty line

A

the minimum income required to meet someone’s basic needs ($1.25 a day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

access to drinking water

A

the percentage of the population with access to a water supply within 1km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

literacy rate

A

the percentage of the population aged over 15 who can read and write

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

corruption perception index

A

uses a scale from 0-10 (0 very corrupt) to rank how stable a government is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dependency ratio

A

proportion of the people below (aged 0-14) and above (65+) the normal working age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

life expectancy

A

average number of years a person can be expected to live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

maternal mortality

A

number of mother’s per 100,000 who die in childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fertility rate

A

average number of births per woman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

birth rate

A

the number of live births per 1000 people per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

infant mortality rate

A

the number of children per 1000 die before their first birthday

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

death rate

A

number of deathbed per 1000 people per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HIC

A

high income countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MIC

A

middle income countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LIC

A

low income countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

NIC

A

newly industrialized countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RIC

A

recently industrialized countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aftershock

A

A less powerful earthquake which follows a more powerful earthquake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atmosphere

A

The layer of Earth’s gases above the Earth’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Collision Zones

A

Where two tectonic plates collide e.g Himalayas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Conservative Plate Boundary

A

Where two plates slide along each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Continental Crust

A

The part of the Earth’s crust that makes up land (30-50km thick)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Convection Currents

A

Currents which transfer heat from one part of a gas or liquid to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Convergent Plate Boundary

A

When two tectonic plates collide (see collision zone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Core

A

Centre of the Earth, made up of a solid inner and molten outer core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Coriolis Force

A

A strong force created by the Earth’s rotation (within 5º of the equator), can cause hurricanes and tropical storms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cumulonimbus Clouds

A

Tall clouds created by the condensation of water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Divergent Plate Boundary

A

Where two tectonic plates move away from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

A

The increased effectiveness of the greenhouse effect, causing global warming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Epicentre

A

The point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Eye of the Storm

A

The centre of a storm, consists of calm, descending dense air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ferrel Cell

A

Part of the globe circulation model, where Earth’s atmosphere consists of cool, descending, dry air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Friction

A

The force which resists the movement of one surface over another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Global Circulation Model

A

Theory explaining how the atmosphere operates in three cells either side of the equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

The way that gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Gulf Stream

A

A warm ocean current which begins in the Gulf of Mexico and is blown NE across the North Atlantic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Hadley Cell

A

Largest section of the global circulation model, caused by heating and cooling of Earth’s atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hot Spots

A

Columns of heat in the Earth’s mantle found in the middle of a tectonic plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Ice Cores evidence of climate change

A

Columns of ice that are extracted from ice sheets and used to construct temperature patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

A

Narrow zone of low pressure near the equator where northern and southern air masses converge

43
Q

Levée

A

Embankments found either side of a river, naturally by regular flooding or built up by people to protect against flooding

44
Q

Lithosphere

A

The cool and brittle uppermost layer of the mantle

45
Q

Mantle

A

The middle layer of the Earth, 2900km thick, jam like consistency

46
Q

Milankovitch Cycles-natural cause of climate change

A

The three long-term cycles of the Earth around the Sun

47
Q

North Atlantic Drift

A

A warm ocean current that branches off of the Gulf Stream

48
Q

Ocean Currents

A

Permanent or semi-permanent large scale horizontal movements of the ocean’s waters

49
Q

Oceanic Crust

A

The part of Earth’s crust which is underneath oceans (6-8km thick)

50
Q

Plumes

A

Upwelling of molten rock through the asthenosphere to the lithosphere

51
Q

Polar Cell

A

Sections of the Earth’s atmosphere found above the North and South Pole, consisting of cold, descending, dry air

52
Q

Richter Scale

A

A scale for measuring the magnitude of an earthquake

53
Q

Seismometer

A

A machine used to record the magnitude of an earthquake

54
Q

Storm Surge

A

A rapid rise in the level of the sea caused by low pressure, strong winds

55
Q

Stratovolcano

A

Type of volcano characterised by steep sides (Composite Cone)

56
Q

Subduction

A

Describes oceanic crust sinking into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary

57
Q

Sunspots-natural cause of climate change

A

A dark patch that occasionally appears on the surface of the sun

58
Q

Tropical Cyclone

A

An area of low pressure with winds moving in a spiral around calm centre point

59
Q

Typhoon

A

Term given to a tropical cyclone in the western North Pacific

60
Q

Bottom-up Development

A

Often run by NGO’s, non governmental development involving communities

61
Q

Clark-Fisher Model

A

Explains the change in employment structure as countries develop their economies

pre industrial, industrial, post industrial

62
Q

Core Region

A

Areas within a country that are important economic hubs

63
Q

Development Indicators
HDI
GDP

A

Measures of how a country is improving

64
Q

Emerging Developing Country (EDC)

A

A country with medium-high human development and recent economic growth

65
Q

Fertility Rate

A

Average number of births per woman

66
Q

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

A

Unrestricted flow of money from one country to another

67
Q

Frank’s Dependency Theory + disadvantages

A

Describes how the core, semi periphery and periphery rely on each other for resources and goods-cant develop since they are exploited.

DISADVANTAGE:
outdated
india and china prove it wrong
doesn’t add any other factors

68
Q

Globalisation

A

The increasing integration of economies and societies around the world particularly through international trade

69
Q

Human Development Index (HDI)

A

A standard means of measuring human development

70
Q

Industrialisation

A

When an agricultural society begins to depend on industries instead

71
Q

Infant Mortality

A

Number of children per 1000 who die before their 1st birthday

72
Q

Inter-Governmental Organisations (IGO’s)

A

Governments and agencies working together

73
Q

Low Income Countries (LIC’s)

A

Countries where employment is dominated by the primary sector

74
Q

Multiplier Effect

A
  1. TNC’S set up factories or industry
  2. factory workers spend money locally
  3. local services receive more trade.
  4. more tax
  5. government can invest in economy.
75
Q

Non-Governmental Companies (NGO’s)

A

Organisations which aim to improve quality of life

76
Q

Roster’s Theory + disadvantages

A

Shows the economic growth of a country, graph showing the exponential growth of the country’s development

DISADVANTAGE:
1. assumens countries start at same place
2. outdated
3. does not include any other factors.

77
Q

inequality in development (7 factors)

A
  1. colonialism or not
  2. topography
  3. climate
  4. international relations
  5. government
  6. health
  7. education
78
Q

Quaternary Sector

A

Employment based on specialised knowledge and skill(science,IT)

79
Q

Rural-Urban Migration

A

Movement of people from the countryside to cities

80
Q

Secondary Sector

A

Employment based in manufacturing

81
Q

Tariff

A

Additional cost added to the price of traded goods

82
Q

Tertiary Sector

A

Employment based on services

83
Q

Top-Down Development

A

When decision making about the development of an area is made and orchestrated by the government

84
Q

Trans National Corporations (TNC’s)

A

Companies which operate across more than one country

85
Q

World Trade Organisation (WTO)

A

An organisation dedicated to making trade within countries easier

86
Q

Brownfield Sites

A

Former industrial areas that have been developed before

87
Q

Central Business District (CBD)

A

The heart of an urban area

88
Q

Counter-Urbanisation

A

When people leave urban areas to live in the countryside

89
Q

Deindustrialisation

A

Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure of businesses

90
Q

Formal Economy

A

An economy which is official and meets legal standards
pay taxes

91
Q

Informal Economy

A

An unofficial economy, where no records are kept
no taxes paid

92
Q

Pull Factors of Immigration

A

jobs, greater freedom, land

93
Q

Push Factors of Immigration

A

economic troubles, overcrowding, poverty

94
Q

Internal Migration

A

Movement of people within the same country

95
Q

International Migration

A

The movement of people from one country to another

96
Q

Megacity-london

A

CBD
modern shops
pedestrian safety
new infrastructure
multi story car park.

97
Q

dockland development

A

urban regeneration in CBD
1981 and 1998
environ-sustainable
social-by 2030-10000 new homes
eco-20000 new jobs-multiplier effect.

98
Q

Megacity-india(mumbai)

A

1.25 billion people

dharavi slums-cholera
bollywood-tertiary.
high tech-opportunities to services.

99
Q

Regeneration

A

Re-developing former industrial areas to improve them

100
Q

Re-Urbanisation

A

When people who lived in the city and moved to the country move back to the city

101
Q

Rural-Urban Fringe

A

The surrounding areas of an urban centre

102
Q

Sustainable Development

A

Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

103
Q

Urbanisation

A

A rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas

edexcel b geography (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions