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GCSE History AQA 2017 > Paper 1 (1.2) T of V and L of N > Flashcards

Paper 1 (1.2) T of V and L of N Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the armistice (ceasefire) bring WWI to an end?

A

11th November 1918, at 11am

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2
Q

How many people died in WWI?

A

15 million (8.5 million soldiers and 6.6 million civilians)

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3
Q

Who was not invited to the Paris Peace conference January 1919?

A

Germany because they lost and

USSR because they were communists

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4
Q

Who was blamed for the war?

A

Germany

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5
Q

Who were the ‘Big Three’ (leaders and countries)?

A

Britain – Lloyd George
France – Clemenceau
USA – Woodrow Wilson

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6
Q

What were the main aspects of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

A
  1. No secret treaties
  2. Free access to the seas
  3. Free trade between countries
  4. Disarmament
  5. Colonies to have a say in their own future
  6. France to regain Alsace-Lorraine
  7. Self-determination for the peoples of eastern Europe
  8. Poland to become and independent state
  9. A League of Nations to be set up
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7
Q

Which leader wanted land, money and revenge from Germany?

A

Clemenceau

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8
Q

Why did Lloyd George want Germany punished, but not too harshly?

A

The British people wanted them punished and he wanted to protect Britain’s empire/navy.
However, he didn’t want Germany to seek revenge, and he wanted to keep trading with Germany.

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9
Q

Name the main areas of land taken from Germany in the Treaty of Versailles.

A
  • Alsace-Lorraine to France
  • Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium
  • Northern Schleswig to Denmark
  • Saar to League of Nations for 15 years
  • Port of Danzig to League of Nations
  • All colonies to Britain and France
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10
Q

Name the military restrictions placed on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles

A
  • Only 100, 000 soldiers
  • Conscription banned
  • No tanks, Submarines or military aircraft
  • Only 6 battleships
  • Rhineland demilitarised
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11
Q

What was clause 231?

A

The War Guilt Clause. Germany had to accept responsibility (blame) for the war. This provided justification for their punishment.

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12
Q

How much were the reparations set at in May 1921?

A

£6.6 billion (over 42 years)

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13
Q

What new countries were established in the peace process?

A

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary

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14
Q

When was the League of Nations set up?

A

16th January 1920

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15
Q

What were the key aims of the League of Nations as stated in the covenant?

A
  • Improve international trade
  • Improve living and working conditions
  • Encourage disarmament
  • Collective security – act together to protect other members
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16
Q

What was the covenant?

A

26 laws that all members of the League of Nations agreed to follow.

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17
Q

Who was banned from joining the League of Nations?

A
  • Germany (till 1925)
  • Countries defeated in WWI
  • The USSR
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18
Q

Which country following a policy of isolationism did not join the League?

A

The USA

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19
Q

What were the three ways the League could act to settle disputes?

A
  • A hearing by an impartial, neutral country
  • A ruling by the International Court of Justice
  • An inquiry by the Council of the League
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20
Q

What 3 actions could the League of Nations follow if a country ignored their decision?

A
  • Moral persuasion
  • Economic sanctions
  • Military Force
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21
Q

What was the assembly?

A

All countries sent a representative. It could suggest action to the Council and vote on issues. It met once a year. Decisions had to by unanimous.

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22
Q

What was the Council of the League of Nations?

A

A small group that met several times a year and during emergencies. Permanent members (Britain, France, Italy and Japan) had a veto. Non-permanent members were elected for 3-year periods.

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23
Q

Name the permanent members of the Council of the League.

A

Britain, France, Italy and Japan

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24
Q

What was the Secretariat?

A

An international civil service that kept records of the Leagues meetings and prepared reports. It was very under-staffed.

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25
Q

What was the Permanent Court of International Justice?

A

Judges from the member countries would meet at the Hague in the Netherlands to help settle disputes. It hand no way of enforcing its rulings.

26
Q

Name the Agencies set up by the League of Nations to deal with world problems?

A
  • Health Organisation
  • International Labour Organisation
  • Slavery Commission
  • Commission for Refugees
  • Permanent Mandates Commission (to deal with former German colonies)
27
Q

Which international disputes in the 1920s were solved by the League?

A
  • Aaland Islands - Sweden and Finland classed over them and they were given to Finland.
  • Corfu - Greece and Italy
  • Bulgaria & Greece
28
Q

What were the successes of the League of Nations in the 1920s?

A
  • Border disputes
  • Attacked slave traders
  • Stopped some drug trade
  • Sent economic advisers to Austria and Hungary
  • Ensured a forty eight hour working week
  • Reduced malaria and leprosy
29
Q

Where is Manchuria?

A

It is a province of China

30
Q

When were the Washington Naval Agreements?

A

1922

31
Q

Why didn’t Japan approve of the Washington Naval Agreements?

A

They were only allowed three ships, to every five ships of Britain and America.

32
Q

What gave the Japanese army leaders a chance to voice their opinions about Japan’s position in the world?

A

The economic depression.

33
Q

Japanese industrial production fell by 30% between 1929 and 1931. Why?

A

Due to American tariffs on Japanese goods.

34
Q

Why was Manchuria of importance to the Japanese?

A

It had a lot of raw materials, which Japan lacked – for example coal and iron ore.

35
Q

Who controlled China after the 1911 revolution?

A

Rival warlords divided the country between them.

36
Q

Manchuria was a Japanese sphere of influence, what benefits did Japan get from this?

A

They had the right to mine coal, fish and the free use of ports and waterways. They also owned the Manchurian Railway.

37
Q

What sparked the Japanese to take full control of Manchuria?

A

An explosion on the Manchurian Railway, for which the Japanese blamed a Chinese army.

38
Q

What did Japan do in February 1932?

A

They set up a puppet government, under the control of Pu Yi. It was renamed Manchukuo.

39
Q

Who appealed to the League of Nations about the Japanese takeover of Manchuria?

A

The Chinese.

40
Q

Why did the League of Nations be careful with the way they handled the situation?

A

Japan was a leading member of the League of Nations, and it had a seat on the Council. However, it had been militarily aggressive.

41
Q

What did the League of Nations instruct Japan to do?

A

To withdraw their troops from Manchuria.

42
Q

What did Japan do in response to this?

A

They took firmer control of the area, ignoring the League of Nations.

43
Q

What was the problem with the commission of enquiry under Bulwer-Lytton?

A

It was not published until a year after the initial incident.

44
Q

Who was the Lytton Report in favour of?

A

China

45
Q

What did Japan do in response to the Lytton Report?

A

They left the League of Nations, and continued to invade deeper into China.

46
Q

Why didn’t the League of Nations do anything to stop the Japanese after 1932?

A

Economic sanctions would be useless because their main trading partner, the US, wasn’t in the League of Nations. Other countries, such as Britain, were concerned about the impact sanctions would have on their Asian trade deals.

47
Q

What is Abyssinia called today?

A

Ethiopia.

48
Q

Whose colonies surrounded Abyssinia?

A

Italy’s.

49
Q

Who was dictator of Italy at the time of the Crisis?

A

Benito Mussolini.

50
Q

What would Italy gain from controlling Abyssinia?

A
  • Fertile land
  • Mineral resources
  • Military glory.
51
Q

What year did Mussolini sign a treaty of friendship with Abyssinia?

A

1928.

52
Q

Why didn’t Britain and France want to clash with Mussolini?

A

They believed he was there best ally against the growing might of Hitler.

53
Q

What year was the Stresa Pact signed?

A

1935.

54
Q

When did Italy attack Abyssinia?

A

October 1935.

55
Q

What was the Abyssinian army made up of?

A

Mainly infantry and cavalry

56
Q

What was the Italian army made up of?

A

Modern weapons – tanks, planes and poison gasses.

57
Q

Who appealed to the League of Nations after the Italians attack?

A

Emperor Haile Selassie

58
Q

How did the League of Nations respond to Italy’s unprovoked invasion?

A
  • They banned the sale of arms and a few other goods to Italy
  • They banned all loans to Italy and imports from Italy.
  • However, it did not ban oil because they feared the US wouldn’t cooperate.
  • It didn’t ban coal exports because that would badly affect the British mining industry.
  • The Suez Canal remained open for Mussolini’s ships for a quick route to Abyssinia.
59
Q

Why did the Hoare-Lavel Pact cause public outcry?

A

It intended to split Abyssinia, giving Italy the best parts of the country and Abyssinia the barren mountainous areas.
This showed that the League was afraid to confront powerful countries, and put the interests of its nations before those it was meant to be protecting.

60
Q

When did Italian troops enter Abyssinia’s capital, Addis Ababa?

A

May 1936.

61
Q

What land was taken from established countries and given to newly formed countries?

A
  • All land taken from Russia in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to the new countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
  • West Prussia, Posen and part of Upper Silesia to Poland
  • Memel to Lithuania (first to League of Nation until 1923)

GCSE History AQA 2017 (7 decks)

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