Panoramic Anatomy Flashcards
What are the hard tissue structures seen in a panoramic?
18
- Teeth
- Mandible/maxilla
- Hard palate
- Anterior nasal spine
- Nasal septum
- Nasal conchae
- Zygomatic buttress
- Zygomatic arch
- Orbital rim
- Styloid process
- Articular eminence
- Glenoid fossa
- Spine of sphenoid
- Mental fossa
- Hyoid bone
- Cervical vertebrae
- Pterygoid plates
- Foramina/canals/fossae
What are the structures of the mandible?
- Condyle
- Ramus
- Body
- Coronoid process
- Angle
- Sigmoid notch
- Mandibular foramen
- Inferior alveolar canal
- Mental foramen
(upper & lower borders)
What is the submandibular fossa?
depression on the lingual aspect of body of mandible
Why is the submandibular fossa emphasised in radiographs?
other structures superimposing the surrounding areas
What walls of the maxillary sinus are visible on panoramic radiographs?
medial
posterior
What ligament is attached to the styloid process?
stylohyoid ligament
What is the most posterior potentionally superimposing structure?
cervical spine
What structure is seen under the corner of the jaw?
hyoid bone
What are the soft tissue structures seen in a panoramic?
- Soft palate
- Tongue
- Ear lobe
- Epiglottis
- Nasal cartilages
What are the air spaces?
- Oral cavity
- Nasal cavity
- Oropharynx
- Nasopharynx
- Between lips
What are the two types of misleading shadows?
- double shadows
- ghost shadows
How do double shadows happen and what structures cause them?
Created by structures located near the centre of rotation which, due to their central position, are captured twice
- hyoid bone
- soft palate
- cervical spine (at sides)
What document is used for the selection criteria for panoramics?
what does it state
“Selection Criteria for Dental Radiography” by the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK)
States that “panoramic radiographs should only be taken in the presence of specific clinical signs and symptoms”
* Do not use for routine screening
How do ghost shadows happen and what do they appear as?
Created by structures between the X-ray source & the centre of rotation
* Structures on one side are projected onto the other side
Appear magnified, blurry, higher (due to the beam inclination) & transposed on the opposite side of their true anatomical position
What is the selection criteria for a pano in GDP?
- Grossly neglected dentition * i.e. generalised caries
- Part of periodontal bone assessment * Often supplemented with periapicals
- Bony lesion or unerupted tooth of a size or position that precludes complete demonstration on intra-oral radiographs
- Assessment of third molars if planning surgical intervention
- Part of orthodontic assessment where there is a clinical need to know the state of the dentition & the presence/absence of teeth
