Further Radiographic Interpretation Flashcards
1
Q
What are the limitations of radiographs?
A
- 2D images representing 3D structures * Possibility of distortion & artefacts
2
Q
What is the ordered step by step method of assessing a radiograph?
A
- overview
- teeth
- apical tissues
- periodontal tissues
- bone
- other structures
3
Q
What is overview?
A
- Display issues – e.g. excessive contrast
- Technique errors – e.g. suboptimal patient positioning
- General findings – e.g. normal proportions of structures, normal outlines, approximate age of patient
- Foreign bodies
4
Q
What about teeth?
A
For example:
* Number
* Position
* Development
* Morphology
* Condition of crowns & roots – e.g.
caries, restorations, resorption
5
Q
What about apical tissues?
A
- Lamina dura – intact/lost
- Periodontal ligament space – normal, widened, irregular
- Abnormal radiolucencies/radiopacities directly around the apices
6
Q
What about PD tissues?
A
- Periodontal bone levels
- Furcation involvement
- Crestal bone quality
- Periodontal ligament space
– normal, widened, irregular - Calculus deposits
7
Q
What about bone?
A
- Shape/size/symmetry
- Cortical bone – thickness, continuity
- Trabecular bone – density, coarseness
- Abnormal radiolucencies/radiopacities
8
Q
What about other structures?
A
- Condylar heads
- Maxillary sinuses
- Nasal cavity
9
Q
What are the sites for specific structures?
A
- Dental
- Alveolar
- Basal
- Bone (not maxilla/mandible)
- Extra-osseous
10
Q
What are the shapes of specific structures?
A
- round
- oval
- scalloped
- irregular
- tooth-like
- multilocular
11
Q
What are the margins of specific structures?
A
well-defined/ill-defined
corticated/non-corticated
smooth/irregular
12
Q
What are the types of relations to other structures?
A
Crown of unerupted tooth
Apex of carious tooth
Below inferior alveolar canal
13
Q
What are the types of effects on other structures?
A
- none
- displacement
- expansion
- resorption
- aggressive descruction
- altered trabeculation
