Panicola Ch 1-3

Question 1

Scope of Ethics

Answer 1

Ethics concerns any behavior that affects human life (dignity, character and quality of life)

Question 2

Basic task of Ethics

Answer 2

We we ought to be as people (Being)
How we ought to act (Doing), when considering the Goals of Human life and the virtues

Question 3

requirement for ethics

Answer 3

Freedom and Knowledge

Question 4

Freedom of Choice

Answer 4

Choosing your own path

Question 5

Freedom of Self-Determination

Answer 5

Freedom to shape who we become

Question 6

Knowledge

Answer 6

Information available to us that informs our decisions, knowledge of circumstances that mitigate personal responsibility

Question 7

reasoning and discernment

Answer 7

Requires self- reflection and self- knowledge
Considers:
- who we are, who we strive to be
costs and benefits to others and the community

Question 8

Normative Basis

Answer 8

Standard that is commonly accepted
Concerns Being (who we are) and Doing (how we act towards others), and approximates it with our goals (human flourishing)

Question 9

What makes Healthcare Ethics Different?

Answer 9

Health is a primary need that underlies wellbeing
Patient/ Provider relationship is not equitable
Healthcare is social in nature, decisions affect wellbeing and community

Question 10

Define Healthcare Ethics

Answer 10

Study of how healthcare affects human wellbeing and the good of the community

Question 11

What are the three levels of healthcare decision making?

Answer 11

Macro
Middle
Micro

Question 12

Macro

Answer 12

Policies, laws, research

Question 13

Middle

Answer 13

Organizational Level (insurers, providers, employers and public service)

Question 14

Micro

Answer 14

Climate level: Individual healthcare decisions

Question 15

Virtue Theories

Answer 15

Greek Philosophy
Focuses on our desire to become a virtuous person
Focus on the person making the decision
Personal character and virutes

Question 16

Deontological Theories

Answer 16

Judiac/Roman Law
Appeal to an outside authority or law
individual does not have a choice

Question 17

Consequentialist Theories

Answer 17

Utilitarian philosophers
focus on the outcomes of the decision instead of the decision itself
cost/benefit

Question 18

Human Flourishing as Spirituality

Answer 18

Loving god, and neighbor

Question 19

Role of principles?

Answer 19

Principles give rise to virtues and pave the way to become virtuous
Specify what virtue demands in moral situations
Serve as a standard to evaluate our choices
(they are not absolute, but rather guidelines)

Question 20

Life and Dignity

Answer 20

informed consent, confedentiality, beneficence, bodily autonomy, integrity, dignity, sanctity of life

Question 21

Common Good

Answer 21

Human flourishing for all

Question 22

relationality

Answer 22

how our behaviors impact others

Question 23

Solidarity

Answer 23

standing with / for others in time of need

Question 24

subsidiarity

Answer 24

decisions made at closest possible level to those affected

Question 25

sterwardship

Answer 25

levering resources (personal and material) for the good of all

Question 26

care for the disadvantaged

Answer 26

concerns for most vulnerable

Question 27

equitable distribution

Answer 27

distribution of goods correlates to human dignity

Question 28

social policies and programs

Answer 28

preferential option for poor and marginalized

Question 29

Discernment

Answer 29

applying assessments and judgements
implies use of full range of our normative basis (being and doing, who we should become and decide in a situation) (reflection, analysis, critical evaluation)

Question 30

Professionalism

Answer 30

Refers to specialized expertise but also particular moral commitments associated with the practice
privileges and obligations

Question 31

expertise

Answer 31

specialized knowledge is required

Question 32

autonomy

Answer 32

is granted to the professional

Question 33

obligations

Answer 33

ensure patient welfare: imposed on professional

Question 34

Conflict of Intrest

Answer 34

Promoting products / favoring patients with gifts/ commercial interests over patient interests

Question 35

Concerns with medical services at a for-profit structure

Answer 35

Is expertise respected . . . even when commercial interest is challenged?
Are professional honest and patient confidentiality respected?