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Physics GCSE TRIPLE > PANIC FLASHCARDS PAPER 2 > Flashcards

PANIC FLASHCARDS PAPER 2

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1
Q

Is air resistance a contact or non-contact force? Explain your answer.

A

Contact, the air particles are hitting the object

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2
Q

Is power a vector or a scalar? Explain your answer.

A

scalar, only magnitude and no direction

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3
Q

If an object does return to its original shape after the forces have been removed, it is known as _______ deformation.

On the other hand, if an object does not return to its original shape after the forces have been removed, it is known as _________ deformation (or sometimes plastic deformation).

A

Elastic
Inelastic

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4
Q

What are the units for moments?

A

Newton metres (Nm)

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5
Q

Atmospheric pressure is _________ at a higher elevation.
Higher or lower?

A

Lower

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6
Q

There is greater atmospheric pressure at sea level than at higher elevation. Why is this? (2)

The air is less dense at sea level

There are more gas particles at sea level to collide with objects

The air is more dense at sea level

A

There are more gas particles at sea level to collide with objects
The air is more dense at sea level

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7
Q

A person is walking 1.5 m/s north.
Is this an example of velocity or speed?

A

Velocity

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8
Q

What does the gradient of a velocity/time graph tell us?

A

The acceleration or deceleration of the object

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9
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

A resultant force is required to change the motion of an object.

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10
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

A resultant force will cause an object to accelerate in the direction of the force.

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11
Q

An example of circular motion is the moon orbiting the earth.
Which of the following are true? (2)

The moon is moving with constant velocity

The moon is moving at a constant speed

The moon is accelerating

The moon is not accelerating

A

The moon is moving at a constant speed
The moon is accelerating

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12
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite?

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13
Q

When pushing against a wall, the wall pushes back with an equal and opposite force.
What is this force called?

A

The normal contact force

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14
Q

A vehicle drives twice as fast.
What happens to the braking distance?

A

The braking distance increases by four times

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15
Q

What factor affects both the thinking distance and the braking distance?

A

Speed of the vehicle

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16
Q

The total momentum before a collision is ________ the total momentum after the collision.
Less than / equal to / greater than?

A

Equal to

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17
Q

Which safety features of a car aim to slow the rate at which momentum is lost? (2)

Crumple zones

Air bags

Safety glass

Turning indicators

A

Crumple zones
Air bags

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18
Q

Light travelling from a less dense material, into a more dense material, will bend ________ the normal.

A

towards

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19
Q

When a wave travels into a more dense medium, the wave speed decreases.
What happens to the frequency of the wave?

A

Stays the same

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20
Q

Which of the following is true of radio waves?

They have a short wavelength, and a high frequency

They have a short wavelength, and a low frequency

They have a long wavelength, and a high frequency

They have a long wavelength, and a low frequency

A

They have a long wavelength, and a low frequency

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21
Q

What types of electromagnetic waves can be used in communication?

A

Radio and microwaves

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22
Q

What are the three types of radio waves?

A

Long, short, very short waves

23
Q

What type of electromagnetic waves have longer wavelengths?
Visible light / ultraviolet light

A

Visible light

24
Q

What can ultraviolet be used for?

A

Give sun tans
Check for ‘invisible markings’ on passports
Destroy microorganisms in water sterilisation

25
Q

What does an object’s colour depend on?

A

Wavelengths of light reflecting off of the object
Wavelengths of light hitting the object
Wavelengths of light absorbed by the object

26
Q

What happens to the speed of sound waves when they travel from a less dense medium to a more dense medium?

A

Their speed increases

27
Q

Put the states of matter in order based on how fast sound waves travel through them (start with fastest)

A

Solids, liquids, gases

28
Q

What is the role of the eardrum?

A

Transmit the vibrations of the sound wave to the ossicles

29
Q

What is the role of the auditory nerve?

A

Transmit the electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain

30
Q

Do P-waves or S-waves travel faster?

A

P-waves

31
Q

What are some examples of magnets?

A

A bar magnet, the Earth, a horseshoe magnet

32
Q

What elements are magnetic?

A

Iron, cobalt, nickel

33
Q

What are magnetic materials that gain and lose magnetism quickly called?

A

Magnetically soft materials

34
Q

What are magnetic materials that gain and lose magnetism slowly called?

A

Magnetically hard materials

35
Q

Describe the four ways to increase the strength of an electromagnet

A

Increase current

Increase number of turns in the solenoid, while keeping the length the same

Reduce the length of the solenoid while keeping the number of turns the same

Add a soft iron core

36
Q

Give three ways to increase the speed of rotation in an electric motor

A

Add more turns to the coil

Increase magnetic field strength / magnetic flux density of the magnet

Increase the current in the coil

37
Q

Name the three ways to increase the size of the potential difference generated in electromagnetic induction

A

Increase magnetic field strength / magnetic flux density

Move the coil through the magnetic field faster

Add more turns to the coil

38
Q

What is the difference between the design of an alternator and the design of a dynamo?

A

An alternator has slip rings (and brushes)

A dynamo has a split-ring commutator

39
Q

Explain how an electromagnetic induction (generator effect) in used in dynamos

A

A coil of wire is turned inside a magnetic field

This induces a (magnetic field and) current in the coil of wire.

The commutator switches the connections every half-turn.

This causes the current to be in one direction (d.c.).

40
Q

What happens to the oscillations on an oscilloscope when you increase the speed at which a coil rotates in an alternator?

A

The amplitude and the frequency both increase

41
Q

What do loudspeakers rely on? The motor or generator effect?

A

Motor effect

42
Q

What does the ratio of turns in the primary and secondary coil affect?

A

The current and the voltage in the secondary coil

43
Q

What is a comet mostly made of?

A

Ice and dust

44
Q

Once nuclear fusion starts in a protostar, what does it become?

A

A main sequence star

45
Q

What stage of a star’s life cycle is the sun currently in?

A

Main sequence star

46
Q

It’s important that you know which elements nuclear fusion forms at each stage of a star’s life cycle.

A ____ sequence star only fuses together hydrogen to make ______.
Then in red giants or red _____ giants, nuclear fusion can form heavier elements up to iron on the periodic table.
Elements heavier than iron are formed by __________.

A

Main
Helium
Super
Supernovas

47
Q

For a red giant, what happens next in the star’s life cycle?

A

It becomes a white dwarf and then a black dwarf

48
Q

What is required for the object to stay in orbit?

A

The magnitude of the velocity must increase

49
Q

How many galaxies show a red-shift?

A

Nearly all

50
Q

Give one strength and one weakness of the balloon model in representing the idea of an expanding Universe.

A

Strength - As the balloon expands the dots get further apart, which represents the galaxies moving apart

Weakness 1 - The dots are only on the surface of the balloon, whereas galaxies are throughout the universe

51
Q

Why do scientists believe in the big bang theory?

A

Its prediction are supported by observations

52
Q

What is the unit for spring constant?

A

N/m

53
Q

What is proportional to frequency when the wavelength is kept constant?

A

Wave speed

54
Q

Why would a student use a low frequency on a signal generator

A

To make sure the wavelength isn’t too short to measure using a ruler

Physics GCSE TRIPLE (2 decks)

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