PANIC FLASHCARDS PAPER 1

Question 1

What are biofuels?

Answer 1

Made from recently living organisms (e.g. plants + algae)

Question 2

How are biofuels carbon neutral?

Answer 2

Produces same carbon dioxide as absorbed in lifetime

Question 3

What are the advantages to biofuels?

Answer 3

renewable

cheap

easy to transport

mixable w/ fossil fuels

Question 4

What are the disadvantages of biofuels?

Answer 4

need space for growing, harvesting, processing + transport - all produces pollutants

Question 5

What is the IV graph for resistors?

Answer 5

directly proportional gradient, passing through origin

Question 6

What is the IV graph for filament lamps?

Answer 6

widened S shape, passes through origin

Question 7

What is the IV graph for diodes?

Answer 7

arching upwards, starting from origin

Question 8

What happens to current in a series circuit?

Answer 8

same everywhere

Question 9

What happens to p.d. in a series circuit?

Answer 9

shared equally

Question 10

What happens to resistance in a series circuit?

Answer 10

total of individual resistances

Question 11

What happens to current in a parallel circuit?

Answer 11

shared depending on how high resistance is

Question 12

What happens to p.d. in a parallel circuit?

Answer 12

same on each level

Question 13

What happens to resistance in a parallel circuit?

Answer 13

more components / loops in circuit = lower resistance

Question 14

What colour is each wire?

Answer 14

Live = brown
earth = yellow/green
blue = neutral

Question 15

What voltage should each wire have?

Answer 15

Live = 230V
Earth + neutral = 0V

Question 16

What is the purpose of the neutral wire?

Answer 16

completes circuit

Question 17

What is the purpose of the earth wire?

Answer 17

stop appliance casing becoming live - alternate pathway

Question 18

What can a sudden current increase cause?

Answer 18

causes appliance damage, shocks, fires

Question 19

What can break a circuit if the current is too high?

Answer 19

Fuses + circuit breakers

Question 20

What is the difference between fuses and circuit breakers?

Answer 20

Fuses are simple + cheap, with only one use

Circuit breakers are tripped, reusable and expensive

Question 21

What does the particle of each radiation look like?

Answer 21

alpha = ⁴₂He
beta = ⁰₋₁e
gamma = γ
neutron = n

Question 22

What is irradiation?

Answer 22

process by which objects are exposed to radiation

Question 23

What is contamination?

Answer 23

when radioactive particles get onto your body or other objects

Question 24

What factors determine how harmful the radiation is?

Answer 24

where you’re exposed to the radiation

type of radiation

amount of radiation you receive

Question 25

What might happen to DNA if exposed to ionising raditation?

Answer 25

DNA could mutate

DNA could be destroyed

DNA could divide uncontrollably and become cancerous

Question 26

What are the factors that affect the amount of radiation you receive?

Answer 26

how long you’re exposed for

how radioactive the substance is

how far away from the source you are

Question 27

What safety precautions can be taken when handling radioactive substances?

Answer 27

use tongs when picking up the radioactive substance

store the radioactive substance in a lead-lined box

wear overalls

Question 28

What is nuclear fission?

Answer 28

the splitting of a large and unstable nucleus into smaller daughter nuclei

Question 29

What are the pros of nuclear power?

Answer 29

nuclear fuel is relatively cheap

nuclear power plants can produce large and steady electric power

nuclear power does not produce any greenhouse gas

Question 30

What are the cons of nuclear power?

Answer 30

very expensive to build

waste is radioactive and very expensive to get to store

risk of nuclear meltdown

Question 31

What is nuclear fission?

Answer 31

fusing of two smaller nuclei to make a single larger nucleus - meanwhile, lots of energy is emitted in form of electromagnetic radiation