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Physiology Unit 7 > Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions > Flashcards

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

what cleaves trypsinogen and where

A

enteropeptidase, intestine

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2
Q

pancreatic endocrine secretions come from

A

islets of langerhans

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3
Q

alpha beta and delta pancreatic cells are all in

A

islets of langerhans

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4
Q

alpha cells in pancreatic islets of langerhans secrete

A

glucagon

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5
Q

beta cells in pancreatic islets of langerhans secrete

A

insulin

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6
Q

delta cells in pancreatic islets of langerhans secrete

A

somatostatin

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7
Q

endocrine secretions enter

A

blood stream

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8
Q

exocrine secretions ener

A

ducts

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9
Q

pancreatic aqueous juice is secreted by

A

duct cells

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10
Q

pancreatic enzyme juice is secreted by

A

acinar cells

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11
Q

pancreatic duct cells secrete

A

pancreatic aqueous juice

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12
Q

pancreatic aqueous juice

A
  • contains bicarbonate to neutralize acid

- secreted from pancreatic duct cells

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13
Q

path: acinar cells in intercalated ducts - secretory ducts - ducts of Wirsung and Santorini - duodenum

A

pancreatic enzyme juice

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14
Q

glucagon, insulin, somatostatin

A

endocrine pancreatic secretions (islets of langerhans)

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15
Q

aqueous juice, enzyme juice

A

exocrine pancreatic secretions

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16
Q

secretes bicarbonate; cuboidal; abundant mitochondria

A

duct cell

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17
Q

specialized for protein secretion; have large condensing vacuoles which form mature zymogen granules which store digestive enzymes; have microvilli

A

acinar cell

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18
Q

pancreatitis

A

enzymes are released into cell instead of being packaged into zymogen granules

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19
Q

vagus stimulates pancreatic acinar cells via

A

Ach

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20
Q

secretin and CCK

A

act synergistically on pancreatic sections (enzymes and aqueous)

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21
Q

secretin and VIP both increase

A

cAMP

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22
Q

CCK, Ach, and gastrin all increase

A

intracellular calcium

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23
Q

Ach and CCK (stimulate/inhibit) NaCl secretion by acinar cells

A

stimulate

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24
Q

most powerful stimulus for duct cell HCO3 secretion

A

secretin

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25
Q

stimulates Ca release from duct cells via a G coupled protein

A

Ach

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26
Q

how is the alkaline tide negated

A

proton pump and Na/H exchange during aqueous secretion

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27
Q

secretin uses cAMP to

A

activate CFTR Cl channel - Cl enters lumen of duct cell

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28
Q

activation of CFTR Cl channel by secretin

A

replenished lumenal Cl needed for Cl/HCO3 exchange

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29
Q

when CCK increases intracellular Ca, secretin

A

is activated, primes Na/K ATPase

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30
Q

what happens to HCO3 and Cl content at fast secretion rates

A
  • have less time to exchange
  • more HCO3 in secretion fluid
  • less Cl
31
Q

exchange hypothesis

A

high bicarb, low electrolytes in secreted fluid with increased secretion rate

32
Q

CF makes pancreatic secretions (thick/thin)

A

thick

-don’t have enough aqueous solution to dilute

33
Q

stages 1 and 2 of pancreatic secretion

A

low volume

high enzyme content

34
Q

vagus stimulates acinar cells more than ductal cells (low volume, large enzyme content) during

A

cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion

35
Q

distention of body of stomach induces pancreatic enzyme secretion via

A

vagovagal reflex

36
Q

antral distention causes release of gastrin, stimulates acinar cells to secrete enzymes and oxyntic cells to secrete HCl during

A

gastric phase of pancreatic secretion

37
Q

digestion stimulates release of CCK and secretin into blood during

A

intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion

38
Q

S cells in duodenal mucosa secrete ____ in response to acid entering intestine

A

secretin

39
Q

nature’s antacid; inhibits gastrin and HCl release; elicits acqueous release from duct cells

A

secretin

40
Q

secretin inhibits

A

gastrin

41
Q

stimulates chief cells to make pepsinogen, duct cells to produce aqueous juice; inhibits gastrin

A

secretin

42
Q

causes gallbladder contraction; relaxes sphincter of Oddi to release bile from gallbladder into duodenum; slows gastrin emptying

A

CCK

43
Q

low volume; high enzyme content

A

pancreatic enzyme secretion

44
Q

RLS in bile formation

A

addition of OH on position 7 by cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase

45
Q

agent that stimulates liver to produce bile

A

choleretic

46
Q

lower bile by preventing reabsorption form the gut

A

bile acid sequestrants

47
Q

bile acids are conjugated with what in the liver

A

with glycine, taurine

48
Q

bile salts have (same/different) hydrophobic end

A

same

49
Q

bile salts have (same/different) hydrophilic end

A

different

50
Q

conjugation of bile salts with glycine or taurine makes them

A

more water soluble

51
Q

cholic, chenodeoxycholic

A

two possible forms of conjugated bile

52
Q

what deconjugates bile

A

intestinal bacteria

53
Q

bile is secreted into ____, which empty into bile ducts

A

canaliculi

54
Q

bile is stored and concentrated in

A

gall bladder

55
Q

flow of bile if sphincter of oddi is open

A

bile ducts - hepatic ducts - common bile duct - duodenum

56
Q

flow of bile if sphincter of oddi is closed

A

bile ducts - cystic duct - gall bladder

57
Q

necessary for digestion and absorption of lipids and for elimination of cholesterol and bile pigments

A

bile, CCK, gall bladder contraction and open sphincter of oddi

58
Q

enterohepatic circulation

A

performs bile reabsorption and secretion

59
Q

bile returns to liver bound to

A

albumin

60
Q

sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)

A

take bile into liver

61
Q

type of secretion of water HCO3- rich fluid by cholangiocytes; stimulated by secretin

A

bile acid-independent

62
Q

type of secretion by hepatic parenchymal cells

A

bile acid independent secretion

63
Q

bile acids returning to the liver via portal blood does 2 things to hepatic parenchymal cells

A
  • stimulates secretion of bile acids

- inhibits synthesis of bile acids

64
Q

what happens to most bile acids

A

reabsorbed as cojugated bile salts in terminal ileum through Na-coupled cotransporter

65
Q

what does terminal ileum resection cause; how is it treated

A

bile salt malabsorption - chronic diarrhea,

treated with bile acid sequestrants

66
Q

neural gallbladder emptying, relaxation of sphincter of oddi

A

vagus

67
Q

hormonal gallbladder emptying, relaxation of sphincter of oddi

A

CCK

68
Q

bile pigments, bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin, and fatty acids are concentrated

A

in the gallbladder

69
Q

contrinued micellar formation, and active transport of Na, Cl, and HCO3 out of gallbladder allow

A

gallbladder to concentrate bile components

70
Q

gallbladder performs ____ absorption of NaCl

A

isotonic

71
Q

serve as solvents for hydrophobic waste products to be removed from body

A

bile micelles

72
Q

bile micelles form at

A

critical micelle concentration of bile salts

73
Q

Na, K, Ca, bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin, and fatty acids are all (higher/lower) in composition in the liver compared to the gallbladder

A

lower

74
Q

Cl and HCO3- are (higer/lower) in composition in the liver compared to the gallbladder

A

higher

Physiology Unit 7 (3 decks)

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