Pancreas and Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What is chyme?

A

Partially digested contents leaving the stomach

Low pH

Hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What factors are present in the duodenum to protect it from chyme?

A

Brunners glands = alkaline mucousa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors allows for further digestion of chyme in the duodenum?

A

Hypertonic = water is pulled into the duodenum lumen

Secretions = from pancreas (enzymes, bicarb) and liver (bicarb, bile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hormones does the duodenum release in response to the presence of chyme?

A

Secretin

CCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is secretin?

A

Acts on pancreas to stim release of bicarb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is CCK?

A

Acts acini in the pancreas to release of enzymes

Stim the gallbladder to contract

Stim the sphincter of oddi to relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outline the structure/function of the pancreas

A

Acina = exocrine enzymes

Duct cell = connect acina, produce bicarb

Endocrine cells = insulin, glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What enzymes do CCK stim the pancreas to release?

A

Active = amylase, lipase

Inactive = proteases (stored in zymogen granules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When activated proteases include?

A

Trypsin

Chymotrypsin

Elastase

Carboxypeptidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the pancreatic secretions reach the duodenum?

A

Pancreatic duct joins with common bile duct = ampulla of Vater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the liver secrete in response to chyme?

A

Bile = emulsifies fat in duodenum so they can be digested by lipases secreted by the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does bile consist of?

A

Bile acids = secreted by hepatocytes, conjugated with AA, far better at emulsifying fats = bile salts

Bile pigments

Cholesterol

Alkaline solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the chief functional cells of the liver?

A

hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What vessel drains blood from the gut to the liver?

A

Portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outline the micro anatomy of the liver

A

Lobule = hexagonal arrangement of cells

Portal triad = branch of portal vein, branch of hepatic artery, bile duct

Sinusoid drains to central vein

Canaliculi = drains bile created by hepatocytes to bile duct

17
Q

What is the function unit of the liver?

A

Acinus

3 zones corresponding to distance from the blood supply

Cell at the periphery are better oxygenated as they receive the blood first

Cell at the periphery are more vulnerable to toxins

18
Q

What is a micelle?

A

Lipid surrounded by bile salts = now water friendly external layer

Lipids diffuse into intestinal ep cell but bile salts recycled

19
Q

What are chylomicrons?

A

Lipid delivered to enterocyte by micelle reforms with apoproteins into = chylomicrons

Enter lymphatic capillaries as too big to travel in capillaries

20
Q

What is steatorrhoea?

A

Fatty faeces = pale, floating, foul smelling

When bile acids or pancreatic lipases are not secreted in adequate amounts

21
Q

The falciform ligament is a remnant of what?

A

ventral mesentary of the foregut

22
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

where structures enter and exit the liver

portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

23
Q

Where is the IVC in relation to the liver?

A

posterior

24
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

isnt in covered with peritoneum

in contact with diaphragm

25
Q

Outline the anatomy of the falciform lig

A

from the anterior abdo wall –> anterior liver –> divides into coronary ligs –> each reflex back to form L and R triangular ligs

26
Q

How does the liver attach to the under-surface of the diaphragm

A

Coronary ligs

L and R trianglular ligs

27
Q

How is the liver attached to the IVC?

A

hepatic veins

28
Q

How is the liver attached to the stomach?

A

to the lesser curve via the lesser omentum

29
Q

On the free edge of the lesser omentum, what is found?

A

bile duct
hepatic artery
portal vein

30
Q

Outline the anatomy of the biliary system

A

R and L hepatic duct –> common hepatic duct –> joins with cystic duct from the gallbladder –> now the common bile duct –> joins major pancreatic duct –> sphincter of oddi –> 2nd part of duodenum

31
Q

What is the primary function of bile acids?

A

lipid digestion

32
Q

Concerning pancreatic secretions, what happens to the conc of HCO3- as flow rates increases?

A

increases

33
Q

What is the role of the acinar cell in the pancreas?

A

prod digesive enzymes

34
Q

What cell type produce pepsinogen?

A

chief cells

35
Q

What provides the liver with the most structural support in the abdo cavity?

A

IVC