Pancreas and Liver Flashcards
What is chyme?
Partially digested contents leaving the stomach
Low pH
Hypertonic
What factors are present in the duodenum to protect it from chyme?
Brunners glands = alkaline mucousa
What factors allows for further digestion of chyme in the duodenum?
Hypertonic = water is pulled into the duodenum lumen
Secretions = from pancreas (enzymes, bicarb) and liver (bicarb, bile)
What hormones does the duodenum release in response to the presence of chyme?
Secretin
CCK
What is secretin?
Acts on pancreas to stim release of bicarb
What is CCK?
Acts acini in the pancreas to release of enzymes
Stim the gallbladder to contract
Stim the sphincter of oddi to relax
Outline the structure/function of the pancreas
Acina = exocrine enzymes
Duct cell = connect acina, produce bicarb
Endocrine cells = insulin, glucagon
What enzymes do CCK stim the pancreas to release?
Active = amylase, lipase
Inactive = proteases (stored in zymogen granules)
When activated proteases include?
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Elastase
Carboxypeptidase
How does the pancreatic secretions reach the duodenum?
Pancreatic duct joins with common bile duct = ampulla of Vater
What does the liver secrete in response to chyme?
Bile = emulsifies fat in duodenum so they can be digested by lipases secreted by the pancreas
Where is bile stored?
gallbladder
What does bile consist of?
Bile acids = secreted by hepatocytes, conjugated with AA, far better at emulsifying fats = bile salts
Bile pigments
Cholesterol
Alkaline solution
What are the chief functional cells of the liver?
hepatocytes
What vessel drains blood from the gut to the liver?
Portal vein