Pancreas and insulin

Question 1

value of hypoglycaemia

Answer 1

<2.5mmol/L

Question 2

value of normoglycemia (fasting)

Answer 2

3-5mmol/L

Question 3

value of normoglycemia (post prandial)

Answer 3

7-8mmol/L

Question 4

value of hyperglycaemia

Answer 4

> 10mmol/L sustained

Question 5

where is insulin released

Answer 5

beta cells in the pancreas

Question 6

where is glucagon released

Answer 6

alpha cells in the pancreas

Question 7

role of CNS in glucose homeostasis

Answer 7

appetite regulation, energy expenditure

Question 8

role of GI tract in glucose homeostasis

Answer 8

glucose uptake, incretin effect

Question 9

role of the liver in glucose homeostasis

Answer 9

endogenous glucose production, storage of glycogen

Question 10

islet cells in homeostasis

Answer 10

insulin release, glucagon release

Question 11

kidney in homeostasis

Answer 11

glucose loss, glucose reabsorption

Question 12

skeletal muscle in homeostasis

Answer 12

glucose uptake, glucose utilisation

Question 13

adipocytes in homeostasis

Answer 13

lipolysis and glucose uptake, leptin release

Question 14

example of a non medical cause of hypoglycaemia

Answer 14

inadequate food intake, insulin overdose, sulphonurea overdose

Question 15

example of a medical cause of hypoglycaemia

Answer 15

insluinoma

Question 16

Autonomic symptoms of hypoglycaemia

Answer 16

hunger, sweating, shaking

Question 17

neuroglycopaenic symptoms of hypoglycaemia

Answer 17

confusion, drowsiness

Question 18

i.v. treatment for hypoglycaemia

Answer 18

reconstituted i.v. glucagon therapy e.g. GlucaGen

Question 19

oral treatment for hypoglycaemia & MOA

Answer 19

Diazoxide therapy, reverses action of glucose on beta Gell