Pancreas and diabetes

Question 1

Type 1 diabetes is

Answer 1

-Typically diagnosed in childhood
-Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells
-Lack of insulin
-Requires insulin administration

Question 2

Type 2 diabetes is

Answer 2

-Usually diagnosed in adulthood
-Associated with chronic insulin hypersecretion
-Leads to insulin resistance, β cell fatigue, apoptosis
-Management includes lifestyle changes, oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin

Question 3

Methods of insulin administration

Answer 3

-Basal (long-acting) and Bolus (short-acting) injections
-Multiple daily injections (self-administered, SC)
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump)
-Emergency IV infusion (with glucose, to lower BGL slowly)

Question 4

What hormone is released when blood glucose levels fall?

Answer 4

Glucagon

Question 5

Hormones that decreaase BGL

Answer 5

Insulin
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Glucagon
Growth hormone
Thyroxine

Question 6

What is the role of incretin hormones?

Answer 6

Released by the gut to stimulate insulin secretion
Leads to increased insulin secretion

Question 7

What is Glucose

Answer 7

The main type of sugar in the blood
-Glucose comes from the foods we eat or the body can make it from other substances. Glucose is carried to the cells through the bloodstream. Several hormones, including insulin, control glucose levels in the blood.

Question 8

The process

Answer 8

-We eat food (carbs turn into glucose)
-BGL rise- the pancreas release a hormone- insulin
-insulin moves glucose from blood to muscle, liver, and fat cells as insulin level increases.