Fundamental concepts of pharmacology and terminology Flashcards
What is the study of structure
Anatomy
What is the study of function
Physiology
What is the study of disease processes
Pathophysiology
What is the study of drugs
Pharmacology
What is the Australian drug authority called
TGA - Therapeutic Goods Administration
What are characteristics of “ideal drugs”?
Easily administered (orally), fully absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, rapid onset, no adverse reactions, inexpensive.
What drug schedule is S2
Pharmacy medications
-Can be sold without a prescription but are kept behind the pharmacy counter
What drug schedule is S3
Pharmacist only medications
-Medicines that require the supervision or advice of a pharmacist for safe and appropriate use. They are available without a prescription
What drug schedule is S4
Prescription only medicine
-Medicines that can only be supplied with a prescription from a qualified healthcare professional,
What drug schedule is S8
Controlled drugs
-Medicines with a high potential for abuse or dependence.
What drug schedule is S9
Prohibited substances
-Substances that are prohibited for general use and distribution due to their potential for harm or misuse.
What is pharmacodynamics
What a drug does to the body
What is pharmaokinetics
what the body does to the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
Define antagonist- blocker
A substance that binds to a receptor but prevents any action in the cells, acting as a blocker or blocking drug.
Define angonist
A substance that binds to a receptor and causes a corresponding effect in the cell, similar to the body’s own neurotransmitter or hormone that binds with that cell.
What does ADME stand for
DME stands for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
What is drug absorption?
The process of a drug entering the bloodstream from administration - oral ingestion, injection, or topical application.
Substances are then absorbed into blood vessels that directly go to the hepatic portal vein and then to the liver, where drugs are metabolized.
APINCHS stands for
-Antimicrobials
-Potassium and other lectrolytes
-Insulin
-Narcotics (opiods) and sedatives
-Chemotherapeutic agents
-Heparin and other anticoagulants
-Systems
What is drug metabliosm and where does is happen
the process of chemically changing a drug within the body. This typically occurs in the liver, where enzymes metabolize the drug into more water-soluble compounds that are easier for the body to excrete.
How is a drug primarily removed from the body? (or metabolised)
Removed from the body through the kidneys in urine or through the liver via bile and feces.
Therapeutic range
Half life - The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half.
Process of metabolism
-Small intestine
-Portal vein
-Liver
-Systemic circulation
How does aging affect pharmacokinetics?
Can slow absorption, increasing body fat and volume for distribution, decreasing liver enzyme activity, and reducing renal blood flow and secretion.
How does pregnancy affect pharmacokinetics?
Can alter absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs due to changes in blood volume, body fat, metabolism, renal function, and placental barrier
