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Clin Path-E4-soph > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What are clinical signs of GI and Exocrine Pancreatic Dz?

A

Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss +/- abdominal pain, fever

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2
Q

What are 2 common exocrine pancreas disorders?

A

Pancreatitis, Exocrine Pancreas Insufficiency(EPI) - chronic dysfunction of exocrine pancreas, or maldigestion

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3
Q

What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?

A

Produces several digestive enzymes by acinar cells

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4
Q

What 5 mechanisms prevent autodigestion?

A

Digestive enzymes are made as zymogens, Zymogens are stored with trypsin inhibitor, Protease inhibitors are in circulation(anti-trypsin, alpha2-macroglobulin), Duodenal enteropeptidase activates trypsin, Trypsin activates other zymogens

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of pancreatitis in a dog?

A

pain, vomiting, diarrhea

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of pancreatitis in a cat?

A

dehydration, weight loss, increased heart rate, anorexia, and lethargy. More likely to have icterus and often presents as mild liver disease or IBD

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7
Q

What are possible CBC abnormalities with pancreatitis?

A

Neutrophilia with left shift +/- toxicity, Lymphopenia, Eosinopenia

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8
Q

What are possible biochemical abnormalities with pancreatitis?

A

Hypercholesterolemia, increased ALT(liver leakage enzyme), Increased ALP(cholestatic enzyme), Hyperbilirubinemia due to cholestasis, Hypocalcemia, Hyperglycemia - hyperglucagonemia or diabetes

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9
Q

What species have salivary amylase?

A

Humans and Pigs

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10
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Pancreatic Acinar Cells, Small intestine, Liver

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11
Q

Where is amylase cleared?

A

Kidney

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12
Q

What 6 conditions can cause increased amylase?

A

Pancreatic disease, GI disease, Hepatic disease, Corticosteroids, Renal Failure, Severe dehydration

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13
Q

What 4 diseases of the pancreas can cause an increased amylase?

A

Inflammation, Trauma, Necrosis, Neoplasia

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14
Q

When you see a greater than 3 fold increase in serum amylase, what is the most likely disease?

A

Pancreatitis

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15
Q

Where is Lipase produced?

A

Pancreatic acinar cells, Gastric mucosal cells, Small intestine, Liver, Adipocytes, Myocytes

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16
Q

What would you suspect if you saw a greater than 3 fold increase in Lipase?

A

Pancreatitis

17
Q

What can cause a decreased Lipase?

A

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

18
Q

Where is lipase cleared?

A

kidney

19
Q

What tests can measure specifically pancreatic lipase?

A

Spec cPL and Spec fPL, send out or snap test

20
Q

What is maldigestion?

A

Not enough digestive enzymes from the pancreas to breakdown for subsequent absorption - EPI

21
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

Not absorbing food breakdown products - GI tract disease, GI lymphatic disease

22
Q

What are clinical signs of EPI?

A

Chronic, severe weight loss, voluminous, cow patty stool

23
Q

What causes EPI in dogs?

A

Pancreatic atrophy of aplasia

24
Q

What causes EPI in cats?

A

Chronic bouts of inflammation and scarring

25
Q

What breed of dog is overrepresented with EPI?

A

German Shepherds

26
Q

What additional problems can EPI be associated with?

A

concurrent diabetes, secondary small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, secondary cobalamin(b12) deficiency(consumed by bacteria that have overgrown)

27
Q

At what secretory capacity will EPI develop?

A

When exocrine secretory capacity is reduced to less than 10-15% of normal

28
Q

What are 7 causes of EPI?

A

Congenital abnormality, Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic duct obstruction, Ischemia, Immune-mediated disease, Toxic Damage, Infection

29
Q

What CBC findings are often associated with EPI?

A

usually normal but may have normocytic, normochromic anemia

30
Q

What chemistry findings are often associated with EPI?

A

Usually normal but may have low cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and/or mild to moderate increase in ALT, ALP

31
Q

With what diseases will you see an increased Trypsin?

A

Pancreatic necrosis, Renal Disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Hepatic lipidosis

32
Q

With what disease will you see decreased Trypsin?

A

EPI

33
Q

What test is used to diagnose EPI?

A

Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) - antibody test

34
Q

What TLI results are diagnostic for EPI in dogs?

A

values below 2.5 micrograms/L

35
Q

What TLI results are diagnostic for EPI in cats?

A

8 micrograms/L

Clin Path-E4-soph (4 decks)

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